Connectors B2.2

. In spite of.../despite...: beginning

• noun / verb in ing / despite the fact that + subject + verb

​1. Position 2. Formality

Clauses of contrast

. Although, even though, though: beginning or middle

​. Though: end (however),informal

Clauses of purpose

to, in order to/so as to + infinitive

in order to/so as to : + formal

for + noun or for + gerund (exact purpose)

​so that + subject + modal verb (could, can​, would)

so as not to / in order not to + infinitive

​

Main mistakes

• I went to the bank for to talk to my bank manager.

• for + gerund is used to describe the purpose of a thing (often in answer to the question What’s it for?)

• For can also be used to express the purpose of an action with a noun: We went to Venezuela for a holiday, but not when it is expressed with a verb phrase: I come to this school for learning English.​

Main mistakes

• when there is a new subject in a clause of purpose, we must use so that (and not to, in order to, or so as to): We bought a big car so that the children would have more space. NOT …in order to the children have more space.

• (to + infinitive) can’t be used to express negative purpose:

  we have to use: so as not to… or in order not to…

Multiple Choice

We loved the film__________ the fact that it was 3 hours long.

• in spite

• despite

• although

• though

Multiple Choice

Carl doesn't like spending a lot of money. ______ though he's well off.

• despite

• although

• even

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

I've put the heating quite high, __________ the house will warm up quickly.

• in order to

• so as to

• so that

Multiple Choice

I stopped at a café _____ a quick meal

• for

• to

Multiple Select

The cake tasted good, __________ not looking like the photo.

• despite

• in spite of

• spite

• despite of

Open Ended

Write the clauses that you didn't know before this class