Digestive system Lesson

Digestive system Lesson

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​Functions of organs

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Mouth

When someone eats, the teeth chew food into very small pieces. Glands in the cheeks and under the tongue produce saliva that coats the food, making it easier to be chewed and swallowed. This swallowed "ball" of food is called a bolus. Mastication (Chewing) and the roof of the mouth with tongue form the bolus. Deglutition is the act of swallowing

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Saliva also contains enzymes that start to digest the carbohydrates in food. Amylase breaks starch into the sugar maltose

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esophagus

The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach after it is swallowed. A ring of muscle at the end of the oesophagus relaxes to let food into the stomach and contracts to prevent stomach contents from escaping back up the esophagus. The automatic contraction of muscles moving the food towards the stomach is called peristalsis.

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Stomach

The stomach wall produces gastric juice (hydrochloric acid and enzymes) that digests proteins. The stomach acts like a concrete mixer, churning and mixing food with gastric juice to form chyme — a thick, soupy liquid.

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Small intestine

Bile from the gallbladder and enzymes in digestive juices from the pancreas empty into the upper section of the small intestine and help to break down protein into amino acids and fat into fatty acids. These smaller particles, along with sugars, vitamins and minerals, are absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine.

It is called small because it is about 3.5cm in diameter, but it is about 5m long to provide lots of area for absorption. Most of the chemical digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is completed in the small intestine. It consists of of the Doodemum (12 inches), Jejunem ( 8 feet) NS ILEUM (12 FEET)

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Large intestine and anus

The lining of the large intestine absorbs water, mineral salts and vitamins. Undigested fibre is mixed with mucus and bacteria — which partly break down the fibre — to nourish the cells of the large intestine wall and so help keep the large intestine healthy. Faeces are formed and stored in the last part of the large intestine (the rectum) before being passed out of the body through the anus. Its about 5-6 feet long and moves only a couple of times a day.

Multiple Choice

The chewing and grinding of food into smaller pieces is an example of...

• Mechanical Digestion
• Chemical Digestion

Multiple Choice

What is one secondary (helper) organ of the digestive system?

• Small Intestine
• Esophagus
• Gallbladder
• Stomach

Multiple Choice

Nutrients from digested food are absorbed in which digestive organ?

• Small Intestine
• Stomach
• Large Intestine
• Gallbladder

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract?  (Hint:  Identify the secondary organ.)

• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Small Intestine
• Liver

Multiple Choice

Number 4 is pointing to the....

• Anus
• Rectum
• Large Intestine
• Small intestine

Multiple Choice

Number 5 is pointing to the...

• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Stomach

Multiple Choice

Number 3 is pointing to the...

• Small intestine
• Rectum
• Large intestine
• Stomach

Multiple Choice

Number 2 is pointing to the...

• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Anus

Multiple Choice

Which organ pushes food down to the stomach?

• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Rectum
• Large intestine

Multiple Choice

Which body system gets ride of solid waste?

• Excretory (Urinary)
• Digestive
• Circulatory
• Respiratory

Multiple Choice

As waste moves through the digestive system, the ______ absorbs water before storing waste in the rectum.

• Small intestine
• Stomach
• Esophagus
• Large intestine

Multiple Choice

The opening at the end of the digestive system where solid waste comes out is the...

• rectum
• anus
• mouth
• large intestine

Multiple Choice

Which secondary organ makes digestive juices like insulin to help absorb food in the small intestine?

• Large intestine
• Pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder

Multiple Choice

Gastric juices in the stomach digest food into a thick liquid.  This is...

• Mechanical digestion
• Chemical digestion

Multiple Choice

Enzymes (chemicals) in your saliva help break down food while chewing.  This is...

• Mechanical digestion
• Chemical digestion

Multiple Choice

Most chemical digestion takes place in which organ?

• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Rectum
• Esophagus

Multiple Choice

What comes first?

• Mouth
• stomach
• large intestine
• none

Multiple Choice

What does the stomach do?

• Nothing
• Adds digestive juices to the food
• Goes out to the rectum
• Barley any of these

Multiple Choice

WHAT IS AFTER THE SMALL INTESTINE?

• Large intestine
• nothing
• liver
• pancreas

Multiple Choice

The body system that breaks down food into tiny pieces so that the body’s cells can use it for energy.

• Digestive System
• Skeletal System
• Nervous System
• Circulatory System

Multiple Choice

A substance such as a fat, a protein, or a carbohydrate that a living thing needs to survive.

• Nutrients
• Saliva 
• Digestion
• Absorb

Multiple Choice

A fluid in the mouth that helps digest food.

• Nutrients
• Absorb
• Digestion
• Saliva 

Multiple Choice

What is the path of the digestive system?

• Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestines, Anus
• Anus, Esophagus, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Mouth
• Mouth, Esophagus, Small Intestine, Stomach, Large Intestine, Anus
• Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Anus

Multiple Choice

How long is an adult’s small intestine?

• 22 feet

• 30 inches

• 30 miles

• 17 feet

Multiple Choice

The digestive process starts in the:

• Stomach

• Esophagus

• Mouth

• Bathroom

Multiple Choice

The liver’s role is to:

• Mash up food

• Turn water into food

• Help the stomach

• Remove harmful substances from the blood

Multiple Choice

The large intestine measures about:

• 1 foot long

• 10 feet long

• 5 feet long

• 100 feet long

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a good analogy or example for what the stomach does?

• A car engine

• a garbage disposal

• a washing machine

• a battery pack

Multiple Choice

How many teeth does the average adult have?

• 19

• 45

• 32

• 12

Multiple Choice

Which nutrient has the most calories?

• Fat

• Carbohydrates

• Vitamins

• protein

Multiple Choice

What is the alimentary canal?

• The portion of the digestive system that food travels through.

• The portion of the digestive system that food does NOT travel through

• The longest portion of the large intestine.

• The last part of the small intestine

Multiple Choice

What accomplishes most of the chemical digestion in the large intestine? As a result of this digestive, gas is produced.

• pancreatic enzymes

• bile

• bacteria

• saliva

Multiple Choice

The involuntary propulsion of foodstuff is accomplished by circular muscle fibers that squeeze along the alimentary canal. That way food is moved involuntarity. What is the name of this process?

• swallowing

• peristalsis

• defecation

• absorption

Multiple Choice

The small intestine is the longest of the digestive organs. What benefit to body is it that this organ is so long?

• It allows the organ to secrete bile which in turn breaks down food

• It allows more time for the food to be in the organ which allows more absoption to take place.

• It provides more surface area for mucus which helps digested food move more smoothly.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the digestive system?

• esophagus

• larynx

• stomach

• pharynx

Multiple Choice

The teeth and tongue of the oral cavity break foodstuff down physically. This is an example of

• mechanical digestion

• chemical digestion

• absorption

• peristalsis

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a disorder of the Digestive system?

• Allergies
• Flu
• Ulcer

Multiple Choice

Number 2 is pointing to the ...

• Esophagus
• Rectum
• Small Intestine
• Stomach

Multiple Choice

Number 3 is pointing to the ...

• Esophagus
• Rectum
• Small Intestine
• Stomach

Multiple Choice

Number 4 is pointing to the ...

• Large intestine
• Rectum
• Small Intestine
• Stomach

Multiple Choice

Number 5 is pointing to the ...

• Large intestine
• Rectum
• Small Intestine
• Stomach