English 10 Unit 8-2

English 10 Unit 8-2

The Speech

Speechwriting

8-1 Due Date 5/01

8-2 Due Date 5/03

8-3 Due Date 5/06

8.4.3 CST Due Date 5/07

​Objectives

• ​Analyze a speech to determine its themes.

• Identify techniques for preparing a speech and apply the most appropriate one.

• Prepare a speech that analyzes a theme in a work of historical significance and applies it to current events.

​Read 8.2.1 Justice Sonia Sotomayor's New York University's 2012 Commencement Address. She was asked to speak because she is the first Hispanic person and the third woman to be nominated to serve as a U. S. Supreme Court Justice.

​She knows a lot about being raised in poverty and overcoming obstacles to reach lofty goals. What a perfect choice to offer a commencement speech.

​The Role of the Speaker 8.2.2 page 1

​Speeches are personal. Instead of words on a page, there is a person — a person with a particular tone of voice or a certain way of delivering a joke, someone with individual quirks and gestures.

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In this way, speakers use slightly different tools to persuade people than text-only writers, including:

1. References to their personal lives, such as they would use in an ordinary conversation

2. Nonverbal forms of communication, such as gestures and facial expressions

3. Themes or memorable ideas in place of detailed explanations or illustrations

They not only offer memorable information in the speech.... but they help organize it as well.​

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Listeners can listen for changes in themes that mark a new section​.

​Non-verbal communication

Eye contact

Expressions

Gestures

Walking​

Posture​

Open Ended

Give some examples of nonverbal communication.

How is it helpful in a speech?

8.2.4 Read​

​Read FDR's Four Freedoms Speech

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Imagine the challenge that faces a speaker who wants to convince his or her audience to support a course of action that is not only unpopular but could result in the highest of personal costs. That was the situation Franklin D. Roosevelt found himself in on January 6, 1941.​

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Hitler had already taken most of Europe. England was very close to being next. If Hitler got England, he ​was going to cross the Atlantic.

​FDR's Four Freedoms Speech 8.2.6 page 2

​FDR felt that we had no choice but to help the war effort in WWII. This speech was to reassure Americans about entering the war.

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Let's look at this important speech in three steps and figure out the following:

• What specific audience was Roosevelt speaking to on this day?

• What themes did he build his speech around?

• Is his speech still relevant to us today as we face different challenges and controversies?

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​Multiple Audiences 8.2.6 page 3

​When FDR stepped up the podium to make his State of the Union address in January of 1941, he faced multiple audiences — besides the congressmen in the room with him, listeners were also tuning in by radio from around the world.

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• Americans who want the United States to stay neutral​

• Political leaders and citizens listening in from Great Britain (an ally of the United States)​

• Political leaders and citizens listening in from Germany, Italy, and Japan (who are not allies of the United States)​

• The U.S. Congress, which FDR is addressing in person​

• Americans in groups such as the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies​

​Four Freedoms: 8.2.6 page 11

• Freedom of Speech

• Freedom of Worship

• Freedom from Want

• Freedom from Fear​

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Open Ended

What do Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Worship mean to you?

Open Ended

What do Freedom from Want and Freedom from Fear mean to you?

​8.2.8 / 8.2.9 Write a Speech

​Prepare a 5- to 10-minute speech that identifies a theme in Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech and relates that theme to (1) your own life and (2) issues that are relevant today. Present your speech to the class, using an outline to guide you.

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Let's visit the Writing Guide...

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We are in an environment that makes delivering the speech difficult. You have options. You can record yourself presenting your speech and send me that recording.

You can submit the outline/notecards that are required by the assignment, but in place of presenting the speech .... send me a written copy of the speech.... every word just as you would speak it.

​This writing assignment will focus on the following skills:

• Choosing a theme from Roosevelt's speech that holds relevance today

• Describing several examples to support your point about this theme

• Creating a well-organized outline for a 5- to 10-minute speech

• Using language and transitions effectively

​Prewriting 8.2.8 page 4

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You can choose your words more carefully in advance, and you can use more complex sentences. You can also figure out exactly how long the speech will take to read by practicing it out loud.​

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However, writing out the whole speech is more time consuming, especially if you memorize it, and many students struggle to make their voices sound natural when they recite. This may also be a problem when reading aloud.

Furthermore, if you bring a prewritten speech to a presentation, it can be tempting to stare at the paper the whole time. This means you lose eye contact with the audience, which can cause you to lose their interest. And if there are any questions or interruptions from your audience, you could lose your place on the page.

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​Outlining 8.2.8 page 5

​In contrast to writing a speech word for word, outlining makes it easy to speak naturally, look at the audience often, and get interrupted without losing your place in your notes. For most writers, outlines also take less time to prepare.

​Respond to ME in the CHAT:



What are some examples of non-verbal communication?



Which of the 4 Freedoms do you think you're going to speak to?