Science DA Review 2nd semester

Science DA Review 2nd semester

By Kalena Bennett

The day and night cycle occurs every 24 hours due to the rotation of Earth. Earth spins, or rotates, on its axis. The axis is an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole. As Earth rotates, the side facing the Sun experiences day, while the side facing away experiences night. Earth completes a rotation about once every 24 hours, with respect to the Sun.

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Day and Night

Multiple Choice

What causes day and night?

• Earth orbiting the sun
• Earth rotating on its axis
• Earth rotation around the moon
• The sun going up and down

Multiple Choice

The model below shows the Earth in one of its positions as it moves around the Sun. Which explanation is supported by this model?

• The Earth has the same exact hours of day and night. It is summer.

• The Southern Hemisphere has shorter days and longer nights. It is winter.

• The Southern Hemisphere has longer days and shorter nights. It is summer.

Multiple Choice

A student is creating a model of the Earth and the Sun to explain why the length of day and night change throughout the year. What would be the most important feature to add to the model and why?

• The Earth should make a perfect circle around the Sun so the Sun’s light hits all surfaces equally.

• The Earth should be tilted on its axis as it goes around the Sun so that the amount of light hitting the Earth varies depending on the tilt.

• The Earth should make an elliptical orbit around the Sun so that the Sun is at different distances throughout the year.

During the course of a month, a different amount of the Moon’s surface is illuminated by sunlight. This is because the Sun illuminates the Moon’s surface as the Moon revolves around Earth. This change in the appearance of the Moon is called the lunar cycle, which takes 29.5 days (approximately four weeks or 28 days). As the Moon revolves around Earth, half of it is always being illuminated and half is always dark. The changes that we see in the Moon’s appearance are caused by how much of the illuminated side we can view from Earth.

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Multiple Choice

A student created a model about the phases of the moon. What does the model below correctly show about the phases of the moon?

• It shows that the moon is actually always half illuminated in every phase

• It shows the reason that the moon is visible during the day and during the night

• It shows that the cycle of moon phases takes exactly one day

• It shows how each phase appears when viewed from earth

Multiple Choice

A student wants to design a model to show different phases of the moon. Which of the following revisions should the student make to the model?

• The student should swap the locations of the full moon and new moon to show how the quickly moon phases change.

• The student should remove the Earth since the Earth has no relationship with the phases of the moon.

• The student needs to add a Sun to the model to show how the moon illuminates from the rays from the sun.

Multiple Choice

The Moon gets its light from the

• It reflects the Earth's light

• It reflects the other stars' light

• It reflects the Sun's light

• It makes its own light

Multiple Choice

Which student's model is correct?

• Marcus

• Asia

• Tamika

• Damon

​Earth’s tilt causes different amounts of daylight throughout the year. Earth is tilted on its axis, so as Earth revolves around the Sun, different parts of Earth get more or less direct sunlight. When the northern hemisphere gets the most direct sunlight, we experience summer. When we get the least direct sunlight, we experience winter. When the amount of sunlight is fairly even, we experience spring and fall.

Multiple Choice

 Which argument regarding the earth’s tilt, the earth’s orbit, and the seasons on Earth is correct?

• The Earth’s orbit and the Earth’s tilt cause the seasons on Earth.

• The Earth’s orbit and the seasons on Earth cause the Earth’s tilt.

• The Earth’s tilt and the seasons on Earth cause the Earth’s orbit.

Multiple Choice

A student wonders why it is colder in the winter than in the summer. Which of the following explanations BEST explains these temperature differences?

• There are more daylight hours and there are less direct rays from the sun.

• There are less daylight hours and there are more direct rays from the sun.

• There are less daylight hours and there are less direct rays from the sun.

Multiple Choice

What season would be experienced in the Northern Hemisphere?

• Summer

• Winter

• Spring

• Fall

Multiple Choice

Why does the area around the equator stay the same temperature all year?

• The equator rotates slower than the poles.
• The equator remains the same distance from the sun.
• The equator always receives direct sunlight.
• The equator has 18 hour days.

Over the years, scientists have used many different tools to track what they see in the sky, from their eyes, to telescopes to space probes.

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Technological Advances

Multiple Choice

The United States has landed a device on Mars. Using this device, which question can now be answered that could not be answered before?

• What is the shape and color of Mars?

• How many moons does Mars have?

• What is the soil like on Mars?

• How far away is Mars?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following questions could be asked to understand how technology has affected observations made about space overtime?

• How are the sizes of technology different from many years ago compared to today’s technology

• How does the information collected today compare to information collected many years ago?

• When were other galaxies discovered?

Some stars are more easily seen from Earth. The reason we can see some stars better than others is because they are bigger, brighter, or closer to Earth than other stars

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Multiple Choice

 Two fourth grade boys are looking at the night sky with a telescope and notice some stars are brighter and bigger than other stars. Which statement BEST explains why some stars are brighter and bigger?

• The stars are bigger than other stars because they are physically bigger.

• The stars appear bigger and brighter because of their closeness to the Earth.

• The stars are brighter than other stars because they are physically brighter.

Multiple Choice

During recess, Tony and Josephine were talking about the sun and stars. Tony told Josephine that the sun is really a star. Josephine asked why it was so big and bright. If the sun is a star why is it so big and bright?

• The sun is not really a star. It is a sun and that’s why it is so big and bright.

• The sun is brighter than all the other stars in the sky, so it looks bigger from the earth even though it is really farther away than most stars.

• Since the sun is the closest star to the earth, it appears bigger and brighter than the other stars.

Multiple Select

Which statements are correct about the differences between planets and stars?

• Stars give off their own light, and planets do not

• Stars move around in the night sky, and planets do not.

• Planets cannot be seen in the night sky, but stars can.

• Stars are larger than planets.

• Stars are made out of rock, and planets are not.

Multiple Choice

 A student is completing research about how stars are different from planets. Which of the following descriptions could the student conclude from the research?

• Stars are evenly spread out in the sky because of their orbits.

• Stars are made out of gases and give off a light.

• Stars orbit around planets that they are close to.

• Stars each have one moon that orbits around it.

Multiple Choice

A student completes research and organizes it in the chart below.  The teacher observes the notes and asks the student to give Label A and Label B the correct headings. Which of the following would the student fill in and why?

• Label A is a star because stars constantly twinkle since they always give off light. Label B is a planet because planets are either made out of gases or rocks.

• Label A is a star because stars constantly twinkle since they always give off light. Label B is a planet because planets do not give off their own light.

• Label A is a planet because it is made out of hot helium. Label B is a run because all suns are made out of hot rocks.

Multiple Choice

 A group of fourth graders are wanting to build a solar system model. Which of the following characteristics of the model should the student include to make it as representational of the real solar system as possible?

• The model should show how the planets all orbit around the Sun at the same speed while showing relative sizes and distances from the Sun.

• The model should show the order from first to last on a poster board with texture to represent the composition

• The model should show an orbit with the correct order with relative distances from the Sun and relative sizes.

Multiple Choice

A student uses the following model of the solar system. What limitations does the model have?

• It does not show the order of the planets from the Sun or the composition of the planets.

• It does not show how the planets orbit around the Sun or the composition of the planets.

• It does not show how the relative size or show that the planets orbit around the Sun.

• It does not show the composition of the planets or the relative size.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a strength of the solar system model below?

• The model attempts to show the size of the planets to scale

• The model attempts to show the composition of the planets

• The model attempts to show the differences in how the planets look

• The model attempts to show the distance between the planets to scale

Light interacts with objects in many different ways. Some objects can be transparent, translucent, or opaque.

Light

Multiple Choice

Based on Aiyana's results which two materials are opaque?

• wood and frosted glass

• cardboard and wood

• frosted glass and notebook paper

• clear glass and glass of water

Multiple Choice

A green house protect plants from weather and lets light in. What's the best type of material to make one?

• Transparent-allows some light through

• Transparent- allows most light through

• Translucent-allows most light through

• Translucent- allows some light through

Multiple Choice

Students want to explore how light interacts with different materials. Which of the following investigations would BEST allow students to see how light interacts with different types of materials to classify them.

• Take three different types of materials such as: aluminum foil, plastic wrap, and white paper to see the amount of light that shines through it when placed under a flashlight.

• Take three different types of materials such as: cardboard, wood, and a thick blanket to see the amount of light that shines through it when placed under a flashlight.

• Take three different types of flashlights to see the brightness of light when turned on in a dark classroom.

Multiple Choice

A student is planning an investigation to determine why we can see our reflection in some materials and not others. Which of the following investigations can the student perform to see the difference?

• The student should look in mirrors at different angles.

• The student should compare different types of mirrors.

• The student should look at the same piece of glass during the night and day time.

• The student should look into different substances with smooth and rough surfaces.

Multiple Choice

Students can demonstrate reflection by doing which of the following?

• Warming metal under a heat lamp.

• Enlarging an image using a hand lens.

• Measuring a shadow made by the Sun.

• Observing their own image in still water.

Multiple Choice

 A student in the cafeteria brings a large clear plastic cup filled with water. The student places a bright pink straw in the water. What observations can the students at the table make about the straw once it touches the water?

• The straw will appear broken because light travels through air differently than water.

• The water bends the straw. Once the student takes the straw out of the water, the straw will still be bent.

• The straw will go in the water and there will be no difference in how light affects the water and air that the straw is in.

Multiple Choice

Erika has found a prism in her dad’s office. She takes it outside to play. As she does, sunlight hits the prism. Explain what happens as the sunlight passes through the prism.

• The sunlight bends as soon as it goes through the prism since it is a different media.

• The sunlight is bounced back from the prism back to Erica’s hand since the prism is reflective.

• The sunlight continues to go in a straight line through the prism since light travels in straight lines.

​Sound

Multiple Choice

A student fills different glasses of water with different amounts of water to investigate sound. What will happen when the student taps the glasses?

• All of the glasses of water will produce different sounds, but there is no way of knowing what type

  of sound they will make until you hit all glasses and make observations.

• The glass with the most water will have the lowest pitch sound since vibrations slow down to

  travel through the most water.

• All glasses of water will produce the same sound since the vibrations are traveling through the

  same type of liquid.

Multiple Choice

Three students wanted to investigate sound and vibrations with the same materials. One student flicked a string every 10 seconds, one student flicked a string every 5 seconds, and another student flicked a string every 2 seconds. What will the students observe?

• Speed does not impact vibrations or sound.

• The string was the highest pitched sound when vibrating the fastest.

• The string was the highest pitched sound when vibrating the slowest.

• All three sounds will sound the same, but the vibrations will speed up when flicked more.