Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Standardized Measurement and Assessment

By Jun Senara

Learning Objectives

• Explain the meaning of measurement

• Explain the different scales of measurement

• Articulate the seven assumptions underlying testing and assessment

• Explain the meaning of re​liability​

• Explain ​Explain the characteristics of each of the method for computing reliability

• ​Explain the meaning of validity and validity evidence

• Identify the different types of standardized tests and the sources of information on these tests.​

Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Defining Measurement

• Refers to the Act of Measuring​.

• Assigning symbols or numbers according to a specific rules

Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Scale of Measurement

• Nominal​

• Ordinal

• Interval

• Ratio​

Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Nominal Scale

• Characteristics-categorize, label, classify, name, or identify people or objects.

• ​Catagorical Variables

• Examples- gender, race, political party, state, college, major, teaching method, counseling method, personality type.

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Ordinal Scale

• Characteristics-Rank order objects or individuals from first to last or best to worst.

• Examples- Used frequently in admission selections for colleges

• Determine Ranking- but not determine how much higher or lower one person is than another​

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Interval Scale

• Characteristics-Rank order objects or individuals, equal intervals or distances between adjacent number

• Examples- Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scale

• Absence of abs​olute zero point= no ratio statement

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Assumptions Underlying

Testing and Assessment

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1. Psychological traits and states exist.

2. Traits and states can be quantified and measured

3. A major decision abo​ut an individual should not e made on the basis of a single test score but rather from a variety of different data sources

4. Various sources of error are always present in testing and assessment​

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Assumptions Underlying

Testing and Assessment

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5. Test-related attitu​des and behavior can be used to predict non-test-related attitudes and behavior

6. With much work and continual updating, fair and unbiased tests can be developed.

7. Standardized testing and assessment can benefit society if the tests are developed by experts psychometrician and are properly administered and interpreted by trained professionals

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Reliability and Validity

Reliability- The consistency or stability of the test scores.

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Validity- The accuracy of the interferences or interpretations made from the test scores.​

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​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Reliability

• Relia​bility Coefficient

• Test-Retest Reliability

• Equivalent Forms Reliability

• Internal Consistency

• Split Half Reliability

• Interscorer Reliability​

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

​methods on how to calculate reliability

Validity

Validity Evidence- Empirical evidence and theoretical rationales that support the inference or interpretation made from test scores.

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Validation- Process of gathering evidence that support inferences or interpretations made on the basis of test scores.​

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Methods of Collecting Validity Evidence

• Evidence based on Content- Experts Measure, examine test content, construct​

• Evidence based on Internal Structure- Factor Analysis

• Evidence based on relations to other variables- Relate test scores to a known criterion

​Standardized Measurement and Assessment

Educational and Psychological Tests

• Intelligence Tests

• Personality Tests

• Educational Tests

  Pre​school Assessments

  Achievement Tests​

Aptitude Tests

​ Diagnostic Tests

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​Standardized Measurement and Assessment