Review- level 4

​Topic: Review

​

Learning objective: to practice specific topics​: gerunds vs infinitives- modals

Gerunds and Infinitive

To infinitive

An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is formed with to + base form of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work.

To Infinitives

• after certain verbs

• after many adjectives: It is hard to make dinner this late.

• To show purpose:

Here are a few examples of verbs that need to be followed by an infinitive:

ask, agree, decide, expect, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, promise, seem, wait, want,

Multiple Choice

I am learning (speak) English.

• to speak

• speaking

Multiple Choice

She avoided (tell) him about her plans.

• to tell

• telling

Multiple Choice

They plan (start) college in the autumn.

• to start

• starting

Multiple Choice

Do you mind (give) me a hand?

• to give

• giving

Multiple Choice

I don’t want (leave) yet.

• to leave

• leaving

Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive with little to no change in meaning:

• begin

• continue

• hate

• like

• love

• prefer

• start

Multiple Select

I_______________believe my eyes. Is George the one who is standing over there?

• won't

• mustn't

• can't

• couldn't

Might

future possibility (20%), permission (very formal).

What can you do?

• can you dance?

• how many language can you speak?

• can you roll your tongue?

• can you swim?

• can you run 1 hour without stopping?

Might

future possibility (20%), permission (very formal).

Should

advice or suggestion

Open Ended

Global warming suggestions:

Multiple Choice

Which of the following modal is used to express ability?

• can

• may

• would

• might

​OBLIGATION

• means you're constrained or committed.

• EXAMPLES:

• have to - shows us that the obligation comes from outside the speaker

• ​We have to wear a uniform when we're in front of the camera.

• ​this is also external obligation

​OBLIGATION

must - it has a strong​ tone.

• ​EXAMPLE:

• I must phone my Dad today. It's his birthday.

• We don't use must to express obligation in the past. We use have to or had to. Has to is for singular subject.

• should and need to, and ought to have the same tone with must​

​PROHIBITION

​to forbid, to prevent

​can't - we use this modal to talk about something that is against the rules

​

​What does this sign say? Oh, we can't park here.

​PROHIBITION

must not/mustn't - we use this modal ​to talk about what is not permitted. It is common in public signs and notices informing people of rules and laws.

​

Visitors must not park in the staff car park.

​

​PROHIBITION

​We use mustn't particularly when the prohibition comes from the speaker.

​

​(Parent to child) You mustn't say things like that to your sister.

​

​may not is formal and should not is used to express an advice.

Multiple Choice

what modal expresses a future plan

• can

• should

• will

Multiple Choice

what is the difference between MUST and MIght

• With must you feel surer

• With might you feel surer