VSC 2.1-2.3 The French and Indian War

​Mercantilism

--The economic system European countries used to run their colonies. Central beliefs--more colonies made you richer, stronger

--What was the goal? Use colonies to make the mother country back in Europe richer; store up large amounts of gold, silver

--How would they do this? Take natural resources back to Europe, ​process them, make them more valuable

DOWNSIDE--Encouraged countries to fight for colonies​--led to wars

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Subject | Subject

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Multiple Choice

Which is NOT true about mercantilism?

• It encouraged European countries to fight over colonies

• It said that countries became wealthy by having lots of colonies and storing up gold and silver

• Under mercantilism, the mother country processed raw materials from the colonies and made them more valuable

• Mercantilism encouraged European countries to peacefully trade with each other

​The Three main colonial powers of N. America

Spain (controlled Mexico, Florida), France (Canada), England (13 colonies along the Atlantic coast of today's US)

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Lesser Power--"New Amsterdam" which is today New York was controlled by the Netherlands

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--What did they have in common? Belief in mercantilism, wanted to have colonies to make themselves wealthier

--How was England different? Unlike Spain and Mexico, English settlers more commonly came as families, at least some English colonies accepted both Catholics and Protestant Christians​

Subject | Subject

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Multiple Choice

Which area below is not listed with the European country that controlled it?

• Mexico (France)

• Canada (France)

• Thirteen Colonies (England)

• New York (Dutch)

French and Indian War

​England vs. France and their Native American Allies

Why were they fighting--Control over North American colonies

Results:

Good News for England--They win!!!! Now they control Canada!

Bad News for England--Wars are expensive, now they are in debt. Solution--raise taxes on colonists. Result--American Revolution

For the colonists--First time fighting a common enemy (France). Benjamin Franklin creates a failed plan to form a single colonial government to run the war effort (Albany Plan of Union) ​

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Multiple Choice

Which was NOT an effect of the French and Indian War?

• England wins and takes over Canada from the French

• France wins and takes over the 13 colonies

• England wins but raises taxes on the 13 colonies to help pay off the war debt

• The 13 colonies for the first time get experience fighting a common enemy

Multiple Choice

Benjamin Franklin's failed 1754 plan to get the 13 colonies to come together and form a common colonial government to run the war against the French. Serves as a model for future US governments.

• The Charleston Plan of Union

• The Philadelphia Plan of Union

• The Albany Plan of Union

• The Jamestown Plan of Union

​Salutary Neglect

Period between 1607-1763: England allows the colonies to write their own colonial constitutions (First--Mayflower Compact), elect their own legislatures (First--Virginia House of Burgesses), pass their own laws with little interference provided they make a profit, send their resources back to England

--Why did they do this? The colonies were 5,000 miles away. Too far to control very tightly

This period ends with the French and Indian War--Now England wants to raise taxes to pay off war debt; this leads to American Revolution​

Subject | Subject

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Multiple Choice

Which is NOT true about the period of Salutary Neglect?

• It lasted from 1607 to 1763

• All of the decisions for the colonies were made back in England

• Provided they turned a profit, the colonies ran their own affairs

• England let the colonies in this period run their own affairs because they were too far away to control

​ How did the colonists respond to paying these new taxes?

They were angry because they still considered themselves English, and this would not have happened back in England.

Why was that? England was different from other European countries like France and Spain. The king in England was a constitutional monarch (meaning his power was limited and he had to obey the law). The kings of Spain and France were absolute monarchs. The settlers in the 13 colonies demanded their rights as Englishmen. ​

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​Magna Carta--1215 (England)

--Wealthy landowners (nobles) force King John to sign an agreement limiting his power so he can't tax nobles without their permission (this led to the creation of parliament) and it said nobles had the right to justice and a trial by a jury of their peers

--This made England different from other countries like France and Spain, where there was NO limit to the king's power

--American colonists felt these new taxes violated their rights!​

Subject | Subject

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Multiple Choice

1215 English document that limited the power of the king, created a parliament to raise taxes and gave nobles the right to a jury trial

• Declaration of Independence

• Emancipation Proclamation

• Articles of Confederation

• Magna Carta

Multiple Choice

After 1215 what kind of government did England have?

• Absolute Monarchy

• Democracy

• Constitutional Monarchy

• Socialist

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a way that English colonists were different from Spanish or French colonists in the New World?

• They were more likely to come as families and demanded their rights as Englishmen

• Many came for religious reasons (especially in MD, PA and MA)

• Many came to become wealthy (VA)

• Only soldiers and missionaries were allowed to come