Topic 1.5

Multiple Choice

DNA is often described as "antiparallel" when describing the directionality of the molecule. Which of the following answer reflects the antiparallel directionality of DNA?

• The strands are parallel to each other but one strand is 5'-3' while the other is opposite (3'-5')

• DNA is made up of 4 bases, adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.

• Opposite strands of DNA are connected via hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

• The DNA backbone consists of alternating sugar and phosphate components

Multiple Choice

1. Which group on amino acids leads to the folding of the protein?

2. Which level of folding is affected by this group?

• 1. R-group

  2. Tertiary

• 1. Carboxyl-group

  2. Tertiary

• 1. R-group

  2. Primary

• 1. Carboxyl-group

  2. Primary

Open Ended

Describe the Primary structure of potein

Multiple Choice

Secondary Structure results from hydrogen bonding between which groups of amino acids?

• The Amine and Carboxyl groups

• The Amine and R groups

• The R and Carboxyl groups

• Only the R groups

• Only the Amine groups

Multiple Choice

What are the two categories of secondary structure?

• Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet

• Alpha pleated sheet and Beta helix

• Hydrogen bonding and R groups

• Primary and Tertiary structures

Reorder

Tertiary structure involves folding of __1__ structures along the entire __2__. The four interactions that direct this folding are: ionic bonding, __3__ interactions, __4__ bridges and __5__ bonding

• secondary

• polypeptide

• hydrophobic

• disulfide

• hydrogen

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Match

Match the following

Ionic bond

Hydrophobic interactions

Disulfide bridge

Hydrogen bond

• Ionic bond

• Hydrophobic interactions

• Disulfide bridge

• Hydrogen bond

Reorder

__1__ structure does not occur in all proteins, but some proteins require __2__ polypeptides folded at the __3__ structure to form a __4__ protein

• Quaternary

• multiple

• Tertiary

• functional

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

Isomers are defined as molecules with ...

• the same number and type of atoms that are arranged differently.

• a different number and type of atoms that are arranged differently.

• the same number and type of atoms that are arranged identically.

• a different number and type of atoms that are arranged identically.

Multiple Choice

Alpha and Beta glucose isomers differ by

• the number of carbons in the ring

• the arrangement of the -H and -OH on the 1st carbon

• their structural formula

Match

Match the following

• Lactose

• Maltose

• Sucrose

Beta-glucose and Beta-galactose

Two alpha-glucose

Alpha-glucose and Beta-glucose

• Beta-glucose and Beta-galactose

• Two alpha-glucose

• Alpha-glucose and Beta-glucose

Reorder

The most common polysaccharides are cellulose, __1__, and glycogen.  The differences are a function of the __2__involved and the __3__ joining the monomers. Different polysaccharides can thus be a source of __4__ or a structural material that resists __5__.

• starch

• glucose isomers

• types of linkages

• readily available glucose

• digestion

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Reorder

Cellulose is found in __1__ and is made of __2__ linked by __3__. Few organisms can break beta-linkages because they lack the proper __4__ thus making it an ideal __5__ material.

• structural

• enzymes

• beta-1,4 glycosidic linkages

• beta-glucose molecules

• plant cell walls

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Reorder

Starch contains a mixture of 25-30% __1__ (unbranched chains linked by __2__ bonds) and 70-75% __3__ (branched chains with __4__ bonds every 24-30 glucose units). Starch can be easily hydrolyzed by __5__ to soluble sugars when required.

• amylose

• alpha-1,4 glycosidic

• amylopectin

• alpha-1,6 glycosidic

• enzymes

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Glycogen is

• more highly branched and water-soluble compared to starch and is found in the liver and muscle of animals

• less branched and water-insoluble compared to starch and is found in the roots of plants

• more highly branched and water-soluble compared to starch and is found in the roots of plants

• less branched and water-insoluble compared to starch and is found in the liver and muscle of animals

Reorder

Chitin is similr to __1__ but __2__ due to the addition of an __3__ group. It is found in the __4__ of many __5__.

• cellulose

• stronger

• amine

• exoskeleton

• insects

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Open Ended

Describe some of the structural and functional differences between Starch and Cellulose.

Poll

I feel ___ about this material

• confident

• good

• just ok

• lost