Major Subways

MAJOR SUBWAYS IN EUROPE

EILTS

Multiple Choice

Where is the place shown in the picture?

• London

• Paris

• Moscow

• Russia

Multiple Choice

Where is the place shown in the picture?

• London

• Moscow

• Paris

• Switzerland

Multiple Choice

• USA

• Korea

• London

• Moscow

IELTS

​BEST SUBWAY IN EUROPE

Multiple Choice

the style of a building

• engineering

• architecture

• wall

• headquarters

Multiple Choice

v. , to compete with

• shield

• trivial

• release

• rival

Multiple Choice

n. , central office for a military commander

• headquarters

• release

• rival

• shi

Multiple Choice

n. , the act of ruining something

• surface

• field

• decorate

• destruction

Multiple Choice

n. , something that serves as protection

• release

• shield

• pedestrian

• operation

Multiple Choice

n. , an opening to let air, steam, or smoke out

• fogs

• showcase

• release

• vent

Multiple Choice

v. , to make bigger

• expand

• showcase

• shield

• basic

Multiple Choice

n. , a setting in which to present something

• intrinsic

• operation

• showcase

• spring up

Multiple Choice

v. , to make an object or place beautiful

• showcase

• decorate

• pedestrian

• intrinsic

Multiple Choice

v., to use

• vent

• architecture

• utilize

• shield

Multiple Choice

the main or most important feature

• shield

• vent

• centerpiece

• headquarterds

​ Public transportation is an intrinsic part of every modem city. Many big cities have an underground rail system as their centerpiece. three of the biggest and busiest underground rail systems in Europe are 1n London, Parts, and Moscow. The character of each city imprints its railways.

Poll

True or false: Many big cities have an underground rail system as their centerpiece

• false

• true

Multiple Choice

Three of the biggest and busiest underground rail systems in Europe are 1n London, Parts, and the USA.

• true

• false

​ The first of these subways was London's Underground, which opened 1n 1863. By that time, horses and pedestrians had so clogged the streets of London that the city government ruled that no railroads could enter the city except underground.

The method used for laying the first underground tracks is called '"cut and cover," meaning the streets were dug up, the track was laid, a tunnel was built, and then everything was buried. Although the method was disruptive, it worked. Steam engines chugged under London. releasing steam through vents along the city streets. On its initial day of operation, the London Underground carried 30,000 passengers.

​

Multiple Choice

The first of these subways was London's Underground, which opened 1n 1863.

• false

• true

Multiple Choice

The method used for laying the first underground tracks is called '_____ and ____.

• cut and cover

• cut and hold

• duck and under

• under and ground

Multiple Choice

Steam engines chugged under London. releasing steam through vents along the city streets. On its initial day of operation, the London Underground carried 90,000 passengers.

• true

• false

​This cut-and-cover method caused massive disruptions 1n the city and required the destruction of the structures above the tunnel. A better means of expanding the original Underground was needed. and builders did not have to look far to find it.

​London was also home to the first underwater tunnel. a pedestrian tunnel that had been built under the Thames River in 1825, made possible by the engineer Marc Brunei. He had devised a way of supporting the tunnel while the workers dug, called the Brunei Shield.

Multiple Choice

This cut-and-cover method caused massive disruptions 1n the city and required the destruction of the structures above the tunnel.

• false

• true

Multiple Choice

Who made London's pedestrian tunnel?

• Freddie Mercury

• Brooke Shields

• Marc Brunei

• James Watson

​Two young engineers improved the Brunei Shield for use 1n expanding the London Underground. The new Harlow Greathead Shield carved a circular tube more than seven feet 1n diameter. which is why the London Underground is called the Tube. By then, the tunnels could be deeper than the original ones because electric train engines had become available. These trains did not have to be close to the surface to release steam. The shield could be used to dig deeper tunnels without destroying the surface structures above them.

Multiple Choice

The shield could be used to dig deeper tunnels without destroying the surface struct

• true

• false

​Parts started designing an underground rail service to rival London's. The first part of its system was not opened until the World's Fair and Olympics were held in that city in 1900. The Parts Metro is shorter than London's, but it carries more passengers every day. second 1n Europe only to Moscow. Whereas London's Underground is known for its engineering. Paris's Metro is known for its beauty. The stations and entrances are examples of art nouveau architecture, and they are decorated with mosaics, and sculptures. paintings, and innovative doors and walls.

Multiple Choice

Parts started designing an underground rail service to rival London's.

• false

• true

Multiple Choice

The Parts Metro is longer than London's, but it carries more passengers every day. second in Europe only to Mosco.

• somewhat true

• depends

• false

• true

​The Moscow Metro opened in 1935. It was based on the design of the London Tube, except much of the track is above ground. When Stalin to power, he used the stations as showcases of Russian art, culture, and engineering. The underground Moscow stations are filled with statuary, painting, and mosaics.

​Underground railways are not only for transportation. During World War II, all three underground systems were used as bomb shelters for the populace. The Moscow subway was even used as a military headquarters. Stores and malls have sprung up by stations, something that is especially convenient 1n cold climates

Multiple Choice

It was used as a military headquarters during World War II.

• London

• Paris

• Moscow

• None of the choices

Multiple Choice

It has a large percentage of its track above the ground.

• Moscow

• Paris

• London

Multiple Choice

It was originally built for the operation of steam trains.

• London

• Paris

• Moscow

Multiple Choice

It is famous for its beautiful architecture.

• Paris

• London

• Moscow

Multiple Choice

The Paris Metro stations are decorated with

• pictures of the Olympics.

• different kinds of artwork

• photographs of the World's Fair.

• examples of engineering.

Multiple Choice

The London Underground was first built because

• the underwater pedestrian tunnel had been damaged.

• a new method for digging tunnels had been developed.

• the city streets were too clogged for trains on the surface.

• the city wanted to rival the transportation system 1n Parts.

Multiple Choice

The introduction of electric train engines allowed for

• deeper tunnels

• more pedestrians.

• innovative doors and walls

• more art showcases in the stations.