Chapter 1 Lesson 2 (7th)

​Thinking like a scientist!

What attitudes help you think scientifically?

What is scientific reasoning​?

Multiple Select

Quick review! Which of the following is are quantitative observations?

• The book has 546 pages.

• It is raining outside.

• I got a 76% on my quiz.

• The cat likes to chase birds.

Multiple Choice

What skill is the person in this image practicing?

• observation

• inference

• classifying

• evaluating

Multiple Choice

"I don't think the cat put this mask on by itself." This statement is a(n)

• inference

• prediction

• quantitative observation

• model

Scientists should possess certain important attitudes!​

What is attitude?​

What attitudes help you think scientifically?

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Multiple Choice

Which best defines attitude?

• a belief system in which you put all of your effort to be as close to that ideology as possible

• a system of ideas and philosophies that control your actions

• a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person's behavior.

Always wanting to learn more. This is a key attitude for scientists and anyone who wants to become better at something. ​

What are you curious about?

Curiosity

Good scientists always report their finding truthfully. This is especially important when results go against previous ideas.

Is honesty an important human attitude?

Honesty

Coming up with inventive ways to solve problems!

Creativity

Capable of accepting new ideas.​ It should always be paired with skepticism though.​

Open-mindedness

An attitude of doubt.

Always question claims that seem like they don't have good evidence. ​

Skepticism

​Rules that enable you to know right from wrong. In science we want to follow rules and not damage the nature we study.

Ethics

​What you expect to find can influence what you find.

Awareness of bias​

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Multiple Select

Which of the following are attitudes of good science.

• curiosity

• honesty

• creativity

• open-mindedness and skepticism

• awareness of bias

Multiple Choice

Which of the following terms means that you will follow rules and do no harm to nature?

• honesty

• ethics

• skepticism

• bias

Multiple Choice

Open-mindedness should always be paired with...

• skepticism

• bias

• ethics

• honesty

Multiple Choice

Why is creativity a good attitude for a scientist?

• It isn't, they should only follow the data and not think.

• Scientists need to think of new ideas to solve problems.

• There is no room for creativity in science.

There are 3 basic types of bias that you should be aware of.

1. Personal Bias

2. Cultural Bias

3. Experimental Bias​

​Awareness of bias.

This comes from your likes and dislikes.

What are things you like that you think everyone should?

Personal Bias

This comes from the customs or culture in which you grew up. ​

Does your family have any customs?

Cultural Bias

A mistake in the design of an experiment that makes a particular result more likely. ​

Have you ever made a mistake with something you are usually good at?

Experimental Bias

Multiple Choice

Which type of bias has to do with the customs in which you were raised?

• experimental

• personal

• cultural

Multiple Choice

Which type of bias has to do with your likes and dislike?

• personal

• experimental

• cultural

Multiple Choice

Which type of bias has to do with a mistake made while investigating?

• experimental

• personal

• cultural

What is scientific reasoning?

It is thinking critically and logically to connect evidence and explanations.

Science reasoning

What is logic?

This is when you draw conclusions based on available evidence.

***No personal beliefs or feelings are involved.****​

Objective Reasoning

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This is a decision or conclusion based on your feelings or beliefs. Evidence is likely ignored or not given much importance.

Subjective Reasoning

Multiple Choice

Which type of reasoning would you say would be more scientific?

• Objective Reasoning

• Subjective Reasoning

A general to specific idea.

EXAMPLE:

• Earthquakes happen where mostly where plates meet.

• California has many earthquakes.

• California must be where plates meet.​

Deductive Reasoning

​

A specific observation to make a generalization.

Example:

• Ants follow paths to sources of food.

• They return to their nest on the same path.

• They must be able to communicate to follow the same path. ​

Inductive Reasoning

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Multiple Choice

Which type of reasoning starts with a general observation and end up specific?

• deductive reasoning

• faulty reasoning

• inductive reasoning

Multiple Choice

"The left-handed people I know use left-handed scissors; therefore, all left-handed people use left-handed scissors."

Which type of reasoning is this?

• Deductive Reasoning

• Inductive Reasoning

• Faulty Reasoning

A conclusion based on too little data.

Not logically connecting data or make leaps or assumptions in logic. ​

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Have you ever thought something was one way only to realize you were completely missing some information?

Faulty resoning.