ORIGIN OF LIFE ON EARTH

Multiple Choice

When did life probably begin on Earth?

• 4.6 Billion years

• 13.8 Billion years

• 3.8 billion years

• 300,00 years

Multiple Choice

Based upon the conditions of the early Earth, which forms of live most likely appeared first?

• Prokaryotic and aerobic

• Prokaryotic and anaerobic

• Eukaryotic and aerobic

• Eukaryotic and anaerobic

Multiple Choice

The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?

• Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.

• Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.

• The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.

• No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.

Multiple Choice

Why is Deep Sea Vent Theory a possible explanation for life on Earth?

• It has biological communities and energy
• It is dark and no oxygen
• It has a light source and energy from the vents
• High levels of electricity are generated there

Multiple Choice

What process is shown within this diagram?

• Natural selection
• Endosymbiosis
• Chemical evolution
• Abiogenesis

Multiple Choice

Which concept refers to life arising from non-living molecules?

• Organic evolution
• Chemical evolution
• Chemosynthesis
• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

"Life on Earth began with simple RNA molecule that could copy itself without help from any other molecule.". This statement belongs to:

• Theory of biochemical evolution

• Chilly start

• Electric spark

• RNA world

Multiple Choice

"Ice might have covered the oceans 3 billion years ago, as the sun was three times less luminous than it now. This layer of ice, possibly hundreds of feet thick, might have protected fragile, organic compounds in the water below from ultraviolet light and destruction from cosmic

impacts". This statement belongs to:

• Theory of biochemical evolution

• Chilly start

• Deep sea vents

• RNA world

Multiple Choice

"The first molecule of life, hydrocarbon, might have

met on some surfaces that might not only have concentrated these organic compounds together but also helped organize them into patterns much like our genes". This statement belongs to:

• Theory of biochemical evolution

• Community clay

• Chilly start

• RNA world

Multiple Choice

"First form of life came into existence following one spark or on one particular spark day. The other version argues that life came into existence, or rather emerged, following prolonged sparking rather one specific spark. Electric emissions can generate amino acids and

sugars from an atmosphere loaded with water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen". This statement belongs to:

• Deep sea vents

• Community clay

• Chilly start

• Electric spark

Multiple Choice

According to most of the theories the first molecule to give origin of life was:

• DNA

• RNA

Multiple Choice

What did the Miller Urey experiment prove?

• Provided the first evidence that inorganic molecules like DNA or RNA needed for life could be formed from organic components like oxygen or hydrogen

• Provided the first evidence that organic molecules like oxygen or hydrogen needed for life could be formed from inorganic components like DNA or RNA

• Provided the first evidence that light was needed for life to be formed

• Provided the first evidence that dust is needed for life to be formed

Multiple Choice

What is the postulate of the panspermia theory?

• The transfer or living beings from the earth to other planets

• The oceans contained large quantities of complex organic substances that served as building blocks for the first living beings

• The living organisms would have arrived in meteorites or comets from the space to the earth

• The life forms arise spontaneously from inanimate or inert matter.

Multiple Choice

What is the spontaneous generation?

• The life forms arise after creating organic matter

• The life forms arise spontaneously from inanimate or inert matter

• The life forms arise spontaneously from microorganism

• The life forms arise after multiple chemical reactions

Multiple Choice

Miller/Urey and other scientists have shown that:

•  Life on early Earth required material from space
• Cells survived in the primitive atmosphere
• Amino acids could be produced from inorganic molecules 
• Simple cells can be produced in a laboratory

Multiple Choice

Louis Pasteur used a goose-neck flask and demonstrated what?

• life spontaneously appears

• life begins from other organisms

• DNA is the building block

• Amino acids can be created artificially

Multiple Choice

lightening and solar radiation provided enough energy to transform atmospheric chemicals into biomolecules, which then accumulated in the massive ocean covering the earth’s surface.

• primordial soup theory

• meteorite theory

• bubble theory

• spontaneous generation

Multiple Choice

Which scientist was one of the first to disprove spontaneous generation by showing that flies were not created by meat?

• Spallanzani

• Pasteur

• Redi

• Needham

Multiple Choice

This scientist first disproved Spontaneous Generation by using 3 jars of meat: Uncovered, Covered with Muslin, and Covered with Parchment.

• Louis Pasteur

• Von Helmont

• Francesco Redi

• Aristotle

Multiple Choice

Lazarro Spallanzani concluded _________ by boiling broth in flasks and leaving two corked and two uncorked, allowing growth on uncorked flasks.

• the air contained microbes

• boiled broth tastes better

• microbes grow from nothing

• microbes like broth as much as he did