Chemistry 1-5: An Overview of the Periodic Table

An Overview of the Periodic Table

Labelling

Label the atom

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

neutron

protron

electron

Multiple Choice

All matter is made of what?

• energy 
• atoms 
• volume
• compounds 

Multiple Choice

The Atomic number tells you how many_______ an atom has

• Protons

• Neutrons

Multiple Choice

What is the element with the atomic number 3

• Hydrogen

• Helium

• Lithium

• Sodium

Multiple Choice

What is the element with the atomic number 10

• Carbon

• Argon

• Neon

• Sodium

Lesson Objectives

• Describe how the Periodic table was made and has been changed over time

• Identify the different parts of the periodic table and what they signify

• Compare and Contrast Different types of elements

Development of the Periodic Table

• Throughout History, different Elements have been discovered at different times

  • 1700: Only 13 Elements were known to exist​

    • Some chemists thought others existed, but could not directly prove them

    • Scientists began to sort out and arrange elements based on patterns

      • Hard to decide which pattern to follow

J.W. Dobereiner

• German Chemist

• 1829: Sorted Elements into groups of three

  • Found that he could arrange it so the middle element was always a midway point between the 1st and 2nd element​

    • Example: Atomic Masses

John Newlands

• English scientist

• 1865: Organized the known 56 elements by atomic weight

  • Proposed the Law of Octaves: every eighth element​ is similar to the first

Dimitri Mendelev

• Russian Chemist

• 1896: Tried to organize elements based on properties into a book he was writing

  • ​Placed the name of each element on a card with the atomic mass and a list of properties

  • ​Noticed when cards were arranged by mass, certain similarities appeared at regular intervals

• ​Periodic: A repeating pattern

  • Even though this pattern worked, there were some places where he switched certain elements to make the patterns line up

    • Switched tellurium and iodine

Dimitri Mendelev's Table

• Mendeleev’s Table had open spaces because not all of the elements were discovered in 1869,

  • He predicted what they would be like according to his table

    • ​In 1886 Three elements were found that matched his predictions

      • ​Scandium Sc

      • ​Gallium Ga

      • ​Germanium Ge

    • ​Because of his accurate predictions, Mendelev is credited as the father of the periodic law

The Modern Periodic Table

• Mendeleev’s Table was formed before scientists understood the structure of the atom

  • Organizing by atomic mass had some inconsistencies, but when he switched elements to fit by properties,he wound up putting them in order of atomic number

• The Modern Periodic Table is arranged by atomic number

Multiple Choice

How did Mendelev arrange his original periodic table?

• Atomic Number

• Atomic Mass

• Alphabetically

• In the order elements were discovered

Match

Match the following Scientists with their discoveries about the periodic Table

• J.W. Dobereiner

• John Newlands

• Dimitri Mendelev

Found he could sort elements into groups of three

Sorted known elements by atomic mass, but did not account for unknown elements

Sorted elements by atomic mass, and predicted unknown elements

• Found he could sort elements into groups of three

• Sorted known elements by atomic mass, but did not account for unknown elements

• Sorted elements by atomic mass, and predicted unknown elements

Multiple Choice

What is the elemental symbol for Iron?

• I

• Ir

• Fe

• F

Multiple Choice

Which element has an atomic number of 12?

• Neon

• Carbon

• Magnesium

• Sodium

Multiple Choice

What is the elemental symbol for Potassium?

• P

• Po

• K

• Ba

Parts of the The Modern Periodic Table

• Period: A Horizontal row of a periodic table

  • The properties of elements change as you move across a period

  • Periodic Law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a repetition of their physical and chemical properties​

• Group: A vertical Column of the periodic table

  • Elements in the same group share physical and chemical properties

Parts of the The Modern Periodic Table

Types of Elements in the periodic Table

• ​Elements are classified into types

  • Metals

  • Metalloids

  • Nonmetals

• As you move across a period, elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic​

Metals

• about 80% of the elements are metals

• Except for Mercury, all metals are solid at room temperature

• Are good at conducting Heat and Electricity

• Reflect light

• Malleable: able to be hammered into shapes without breaking

• Ductile: Able to be pulled and stretched into wires​

Metalloids

• Elements with properties between those of metals and nonmetals

  • Are solids at room temperature

  • do not shine

• Individually are poor conductors of heat and electricity, but when combined with other metalloids become good conductors

  • Many electronic parts depend on metalloids as semi-conductors​

Nonmetals

• Tend to be poor at conducting heat and electric current

  • Exception: Carbon

• Are brittle​

The Modern Periodic Table

• All modern periodic tables include the 118 known elements

• Other information can vary from table to table​

• Main Group Elements

  • The s & p block Elements

  • Display a wide range in their chemical and physical properties​

Match

Match the vocabulary word with the definition

• Period

• Group

• periodic

The horizontal rows on the periodic table

The Vertical Columns of the periodic table

a repeating pattern

• The horizontal rows on the periodic table

• The Vertical Columns of the periodic table

• a repeating pattern

Multiple Choice

True or false: Most elements are nonmetals

• True

• False

Hotspot

Which element is in Group 6 Period 4

Multiple Choice

True or false: Most metals are good conductors of heat

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or false: Nonmetals are malleable

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements are not a main series element?

• Hydrogen

• Sodium

• Copper

• Sulfur