HIB and MMR

Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine

by Anna and Sophia​

​Pathophysiology

• Induces the synthesis of antibodies directed against measles, mumps, and rubella viruses

• Measels is a highly contagious viral disease characterized by high fever and infection is spread by the inhalation of aerosolized sputum or by direct contact

• Mumps is a viral disease that primarily affects the carotid glands​

• Rubella (also called German measles) is a viral infection ​

What Type of Vaccine Is This?

The MMR vaccine is a live virus vaccine.

​How is MMR Administered?

Subcutaneous in the outer aspects of the upper arm.​ Each child should receive two vaccinations.

How Does the Vaccine Work in the Body?

​After injection, the live virus causes a harmless infection in the vaccinated person. The person's immune system fights this infection. This then creates immunity from the virus.

​Response Rate/Effectiveness

After a single dose of MMR, an effective response develops in 97% of vaccinated patients within 2 to 6 weeks. A second dose increases the protection of an individual.

When To Receive Vaccines and How Often?

The first dose is given between 12 and 15 months of age. The second dose is given between 4 and 6 years old. If the second dose is missed, then it can be given between the ages of 7 and 18 years old.

​Special Instructions for this Vaccine?

Preca​utions:

• ​Individuals with a moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever.

• Someone who has received antibody-containing blood product in the last 11 months

• Someone who has thrombocytopeniaor thrombocytopenic pepura

• Personal or family history of seizures​

​Any Possible Reactions?

• Anaphylaxis

• Thromocytopenia​

Severe Reactions

• ​Local Reactions​

• Rash

• Fever

• Swollen Glands, Cheeks, Neck, and Under Jaw Area

• Pain

• Stiffness

• Swelling in Joint

Mild Reactions

Multiple Choice

How many doses of the MMR vaccine does someone receive?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

What should happen if a child misses their second dose between 4-6 years old?

• It is okay if they miss it.

• They receive it between 7-18 years old.

• They receive it between 18-25 years old.

• They receive a second dose between 7-18 years old and a third between 18-25 years old.

​Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB conjugate vaccine)

• ​It is prepared by conjugating a purified capsular polysacchride from H. influenzae to either tentanus toxoid or an outer membrane protein isolated from Nisseria meningitis.

• HIB is a gram (-) bacterium that can result in menegitis, pneuomoia, ad serious throat and ear infections.

​Pathophysiology

​What Type of Vaccine is This?

​The HIB vaccine is a bacterial polysaccride conjugated to protein.

​How is HIB Administered?

It is administered intramuscular (IM) in the midthigh or outer aspect of the upper arm.

​How Does the Vaccine Work in the Body?

​It is an inactivated vaccine that causes your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the disease.

​Response Rate/Effectiveness

• When PedvaxHIB is used, protection begins 1 week after the first dose.

• When ActHIB is used, protection is delayed beginning 1 to 2 weeks after the fourth dose.

• With both vaccines, protection presists for several years​.

• Decreases disease incidence by 88-98%​.

​When to Receieve Vaccines and How Often?

• Most children should receive 4 doses, the first at 2 months, the second at 4 months, the third at 6 months, and the fourth between 12-15 months

• If PedvaxHIB is used for the first 2 doses, the 3rd dose at 6 months can be omitted​.

Subject | Subject

​Special Instructions for this Vaccine?

• ​The preferred injections site in infants and young children is the laterals muscles of thigh.

• The preferred injection site in older children and adults is the deltoid muscle.

​Any Possible Reactions?

• Between 2-5% of vaccinated patients develop local reactions consisting of swelling, erythema, warmth, tenderness.

• About 1% experience fever above 101 F, crying, diarrhea, or vomiting.

• No severe side effects​.

• ​Among the safest of all vaccines​..

Multiple Choice

What type of vaccine is the HIB vaccine?

• Live

• Polysaccaride conjugate

• Recombiant

• Toxoid

Multiple Choice

What is a difference between the PedvaxHIB vaccine and the ActHIB vaccine?

• The PedvaxHIB vaccine is an older version of the ActHIB vaccine.

• The ActHIB vaccine is a live vaccine while the PedvaxHIB vaccine is an inactivated form of the virus.

• The PedvaxHIB vaccine can only be given IM while ActHIB is an inhaled vaccine.

• The ActHIB has a delayed immunity effected compared to the PedvaxHIB vaccine.