common assessment notes/review

​5. biomolecules

6.enzymes

7.cellular transport​

Multiple Choice

Which organism is prokaryotic?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

Multiple Choice

What type of cell has a nucleus? 

• eukaryotic
• prokaryotic 

Multiple Choice

4A: Some students used information they gathered from lab investigations to prepare a table. They entered the table in their lab notebooks. Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

• Cell 1 is eukaryotic, and Cell 2 is prokaryotic

• Cell 1 is prokaryotic, and Cell 2 is eukaryotic

• Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are eukaryotic

• Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are prokaryotic

Multiple Select

Which of the following is a characteristic of both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells? Select all that apply

• ribosomes
• DNA

• Cell membrane

• Nulceus

Multiple Choice

viruses need a _________ to survive and reproduce

• Host

• Virus

• phage

• proteins

Multiple Choice

4C A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.

Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?

• Both transport proteins throughout the structures.

• Both provide energy for activities in the structures.

• Both protect genetic information for the structures.

• Both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures.

Multiple Choice

4C: Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells contain protein, and viruses only contain carbohydrates

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia

• Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce

• Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic aci

Multiple Choice

Which virus cycle is where the virus remains dormant for a period of time

• lytic cycle

• lysogenic cycle

Multiple Choice

5A This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent?

• Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

• Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

• Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

• Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

Multiple Choice

5A: People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

• G₁ phase

• S phase

• G₂ phase

• M phase

Multiple Choice

What phase of mitosis is pictured?

• Metaphase
• Telophase
• Prophase
• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

5A: Part of the cell cycle is shown in this simplified model. This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that:

• duplicates DNA

• completes cell division

• maintains genetic homeostasis

• synthesizes new molecules

Multiple Choice

5A Telophase is a stage of a cellular process that begins after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell. During which cellular process does telophase occur?

• Translation

• Interphase

• Transcription

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

What's the correct order of mitosis? (for the image)

• I, II, III, IV

• II, III, I, IV

• IV, III, II, I

• IV, II, III, I

Multiple Choice

5A: The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Multiple Choice

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

• Metaphase

• Cytokinesis

• Cancer

• Diabetes

Multiple Choice

5C When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as —

• a tumor

• an embryo

• a gland

• an organ

Multiple Choice

5C: Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presences of an oncogene lead to the transformation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited

• Cell division is unregulated

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited

• Antibody activity is unregulated

Multiple Select

Which organelles do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?  (SELECT ALL THAT ARE CORRECT)

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Both active transport and facilitated diffusion use a transport protein (or channel protein) for molecules to pass through.  What is the difference between them?

• Facilitated diffusion needs energy to work

• Active transport needs energy to work

• There is no difference, they are the same

• Facilitated diffusion uses a pump to move the molecules

Multiple Select

From the list below, which types of transport need energy?  (PICK TWO)

• Endocytosis

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Diffusion

Multiple Choice

Passive transport moves molecules from:

• High concentration to low concentration

• Low concentration to high concentration

Multiple Select

From the list below, which are kinds of passive transport? (PICK THREE)

• Osmosis

• Facilitated Diffusion

• Diffusion

• Exocytosis

Multiple Choice

What protects a virus's genetic material?

• Tail fibers

• Sheath

• Capsid (made of proteins)

• Phages

Multiple Choice

Letter A is pointing to what?

• DNA

• Capsid (made of protein)

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

You see a biomolecule that has these atoms/elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate. Which biomolecule are you looking at?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule has sugars and starches?

• Lipids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule functions include enzymes­ which speeds the rate of chemical reactions, structural components in cells, mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton, cell signaling, and immune response; provides structure and helps with chemical reactions 

• Protein
• Lipids
• Carbohydrate
• Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule includes fats, such as triglycerides, oils, waxes, and steroids (cholesterol); insoluble in water; provides energy storage, insulation, part of cell membrane, and hormones 

• Nucleic Acid
• Lipids
• Carbohydrate
• Protein

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer for a protein?

• Monosaccharide
• Triglyceride
• Amino Acid
• Nucleotide

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

• Glycerol
• Monosaccharides
• Amino Acids
• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

In the Enzyme-Substrate Complex shown above, what is represented by Y?

• Enzyme

• Substrate

• Active site

• Product

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are...

• nucleic acids
• proteins
• lipids
• carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

An enzyme and a substrate fit together like a lock and key.  What would happen if the enzyme's shape got changed in some way?

• Substrate will change to match the enzyme

• The chemical reaction won't be able to happen

• The product at the end of the chemical reaction will be different

• The enzyme will be able to bond to a bunch of different substrates

Multiple Choice

What happens to this metabolic pathway when enzyme B is removed?

• The reaction skips enzyme B and goes to enzyme C

• The reaction slows down

• The reaction speeds up

• The reaction stops

Multiple Choice

4B A type of cellular transport is shown.

Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?

• Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

• Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

Multiple Choice

Which organism is prokaryotic?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

Multiple Choice

In this photomicrograph of an onion root tip, what phase of mitosis is cell A in?

• Anaphase

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Identify the Venn diagram section(s) which include(s) prokaryotic cells.

• I

• II, III, IV

• I, II, III, IV

• IV

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is correctly paired with its function?

• Lipids - express genes

• Protein - form enzymes

• Carbohydrates - create hormones

• Nucleic acids - insulate animal tissue

Multiple Choice

An anticancer drug stops a cancer cell from dividing. During which stage is the drug most effective in the cell cycle?

• Gap 1 (G1)

• Synthesis (S)

• Gap 2 (G2)

• Mitosis (M)

Multiple Choice

What evidence does not support the evolution of chloroplasts and mitochondria from prokaryotic cells?

• Fossil record

• Double membrane of organelles

• Similar methods of reproduction

• Presence of circular DNA

Multiple Choice

What part of the cell cycle results in daughter cells?

• Mitosis

• Prophase

• Cytokinesis

• G2 checkpoint

Multiple Choice

What happens to this metabolic pathway when enzyme B is removed?

• The reaction skips enzyme B and goes to enzyme C

• The reaction slows down

• The reaction speeds up

• The reaction stops

Multiple Choice

A diagram of cells in various stages of mitosis is pictured below in random order. Which is occurring within the cell labeled II?

• A cleavage furrow is forming to divide the cell into two daughter cells.

• DNA is replicated so there are two copies of each chromosome in each daughter cell.

• Chromatin is condensing to form visible chromosomes.

• The spindle is attaching to chromatids to move them to the middle.

Multiple Choice

Which statement applies to eukaryotic cells but not to prokaryotic cells?

• Utilize mitochondria during energy production

• Flow of nutrients and wastes occurs across a membrane

• Contain DNA as genetic material

• Perform metabolic processes with the help of chemicals

Multiple Choice

Refer to the diagram below. The cell cycle has checkpoints built in to ensure that each cell has met certain criteria before being allowed to move to the next stage.

Which statement below correctly identifies what happens prior to the cell being allowed to enter the G2 stage of the cell cycle?

• The cell makes RNA

• The nucleus divides

• DNA replication

• The chromosomes align

Multiple Choice

In the Enzyme-Substrate Complex shown above, what is represented by Y?

• Enzyme

• Substrate

• Active site

• Product

Multiple Choice

Arrange the stages in order.

• I, II, III, IV, V, VI

• VI, II, I, IV, V, III

• III, VI, I, IV, II, V

• V, III, IV, I II, VI

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the above diagram?

• Passage of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to equalize concentration

• Transport of molecules across a membrane from a high to low concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule

• Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient expending energy

• Separation of suspended particles from a fluid environment to a non-fluid environment through a porous membrane

Multiple Choice

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

• G1

• S

• G2

• M

Multiple Choice

What does Step III in the diagram above illustrate?

• Enzyme specificity

• Changes in enzymes after reaction

• Conversion of substrate into products

• Release of activation energy

Multiple Choice

A scientist is investigating cell transport. She observes molecules being transported into a cell through proteins present in the cell membrane. These proteins do not use energy to transport the molecules. Which of the following best explains the type of cell transport observed by the scientist?

• Active transport because membrane proteins were used

• Diffusion because the molecules were entering the cell

• Facilitated diffusion because the proteins were not using energy

• Osmosis because the molecules were moving against the concentration gradient

Multiple Choice

5A: Scientists can bioengineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe burns and other types of skin injuries. This bioengineered tissue is grown from living cells. The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissues is:

• Conjugation

• Meiosis

• Budding

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

5C: Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presences of an oncogene lead to the transformation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited

• Cell division is unregulated

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited

• Antibody activity is unregulated

Multiple Choice

How does the cell membrane help to maintain the health of the cell?

• By providing support and structure for the cell

• By regulating the transport of materials in and out of the cell

• By manufacturing protein to provide energy for the cell

• By storing food as future energy for the cell

Multiple Choice

A few drops of Lugol’s iodine solution placed in a beaker of water will turn the water red. A starch solution was poured into a length of dialysis tubing, and the ends were tied. The starch solution was clear and colorless. The tubing was then dropped into a beaker of iodine solution. After 10 minutes, the clear and colorless starch solution turned black, and the iodine water remained red.

Refer to the reading passage and diagram above. If the dialysis tubing represents a cell membrane, which of the following statements describes what is being observed in the changing color of the starch solution?

• Iodine cannot pass through a membrane.

• A semipermeable membrane will allow diffusion of selected molecules.

• Starch can be easily diffused through a membrane.

• A permeable membrane diffuses chemicals in and out of its surface.

Multiple Choice

To maintain homeostasis, cells absorb and excrete substances through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. In which process do cells use vesicles to excrete substances?

• Facilitated diffusion

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Simple diffusion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following macromolecules is a prominent part of animal tissue that functions in helping animals conserve heat?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which statement is incorrect?

• Some molecules diffuse through carrier proteins

• Molecule transport across a membrane can occur through endocytosis or exocytosis

• Osmosis is a type of passive transport and requires no energy input from the cell

• An isotonic solution has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than the cell

Multiple Choice

Which is the most valid conclusion based on this graph?

• Enzymes are not affected by temperature.

• Enzymes work most effectively at low temperatures.

• Raising the temperature always makes an enzyme work better

• Enzyme function decreases after a certain optimal temperature

Multiple Choice

4A: Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water. The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the:

• Ability to maintain homeostasis

• Presence of ribosomes

• Ability to reproduce

• Presence of a nuclear membrane

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a function of a carbohydrate?

• Forms the cell wall

• Insulation

• Gene expression

• Regulates enzymes

Multiple Choice

4B: Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions. Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?

• The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.

• The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink

• The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell

• The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly pairs a biomolecule to its function?

• Cellulose: stores genetic information

• Enzyme: increases the rate of a reaction

• Cholesterol: makes the cell walls of plant cells

• Glucose: makes the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer

Multiple Choice

Which term describes the process illustrated in the diagram?

• Sexual reproduction

• Viral reproduction

• Mitotic reproduction

• Meiotic reproduction

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the function of nucleic acids?

• Stores genetic information and helps to make proteins

• Increases the rate of chemical reactions

• Stimulates metabolism in all body cells

• Activates secretion of the body's hormones

Multiple Choice

4C: Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells contain protein, and viruses only contain carbohydrates

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia

• Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce

• Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic aci

Multiple Choice

One function of the carbohydrate macromolecule is to store energy. Which other macromolecule also functions in storing energy?

• DNA

• Protein

• RNA

• Lipid

Multiple Choice

4C: In the 1880s, Louis Pasteur developed a method for weakening viruses. The weakened viruses could be injected into healthy individuals. How is this method effective in fighting viral disease?

• The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses.

• The weakened viruses attach to unaffected viruses in the host and interrupt the viral reproductive cycle

• The rate of genetic mutation in the host is decreased due to the introduction of weakened viruses

• Weakening viruses are unable to enter the host organism

Multiple Choice

9C: Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To generate visible light, cells in a firefly's tail produce thousands of luciferase enzymes. Luciferase binds to a chemical called luciferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluciferin. This reaction requires energy and releases light. Which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reactions?

• Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible

• Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start

• Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin that must bind to oxygen

• Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly