Cell Compartmentalization AP

Cell Compartmentalization

membrane separated/barriered stuff!

​Cell Compartmentalization:

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​ the way organelles in eukaryotic cells live and work in separate areas within the cell in order to perform their specific functions more efficiently.

But only eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles

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​All cells have a

membrane

Plasma membranes are made mostly of PHOSPOLIPIDS and embedded with Proteins and Carbs

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​Internal membranes facilitate cellular processes by minimizing competing interactions and by increasing surface areas where reactions can occur

What are membranes?

But many parts of the cell may be compartmentalized with plasma membranes

Cell Membrane is a plasma membrane-

Draw

Draw: Which structures are enclosed in plasma membranes?

They are small and rather basic

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​Prokaryotes generally lack internal membrane-bound organelles but have internal regions with specialized structures and functions

they are WAY MORE COMPLEX

​Eukaryotic cells maintain internal membranes that partition the cell into specialized regions

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Multiple Choice

Which one has a larger SURFACE AREA to VOLUME RATIO?

• Eukaryotic Cell

• Prokaryotic Cell

​​Surface area-to-volume ratios affect the ability of a biological system to obtain necessary resources, eliminate waste products, acquire or dissipate thermal energy, and otherwise exchange chemicals and energy with the environment.

Cell Size is relative to SURFACE AREA

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The surface area of the plasma membrane must be large enough to adequately exchange materials—

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a. These limitations can restrict cell size and shape. Smaller cells typically have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio and more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

b. As cells increase in volume, the relative surface area decreases and the demand for internal resources increases.

c. More complex cellular structures (e.g. membrane folds) are necessary to adequately exchange materials with the environment.

d. As organisms increase in size, their surface area-to-volume ratio decreases, affecting properties like rate of heat exchange with the environment.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following will have more efficient exchange of materials?

• A smaller cell b/c it has a smaller surface area to volume ratio

• A smaller cell b/c it has a bigger surface area to volume ratio

• A larger cell b/c it has a smaller surface area to volume ratio

• A larger cell b/c it has a bigger surface area to volume ratio

​Organisms have evolved highly efficient strategies to obtain nutrients and eliminate wastes. Cells and organisms use specialized exchange surfaces to obtain and release molecules from or into the surrounding environment.

Calculating surface area to Volume Ratio

​SA = Surface Area

V= Volume​

r = radius

l = length

h = height

w = width

s = length of one side of a cube

Calculating Surface Area

Multiple Choice

Find the surface area of the figure formed by the net with 2 cm , 3 cm, and 4 cm edges below.

• 40 cm²

• 48 cm²

• 52 cm²

• 62 cm ²

Multiple Choice

Find the surface area of the sphere.

• 48π mm²

• 144π mm²

• 72π mm²

• 134π mm²

​Calculating Volume

Multiple Choice

A standard die is a cube with sides measuring 15 mm. What is the volume of the die?

• 30 mm³

• 45 mm³

• 225 mm³

• 3375 mm³

Fill in the Blanks

What is the volume of this cuboid?

cm³

Match

Match the following

Theory Name with components:

• Cell Theory

• Endosymbiotic Theory

• Evolutionary Theory

• Gene Theory

• Spontaneous Generation Theory

Cells are the basic unit of life, all cells come from pre-existing cells

Prokaryotes joined to form Eukaryotes

All species change over time

Traits are passed from parents to offspring

Living creatures could arise from nonliving matter

• Cells are the basic unit of life, all cells come from pre-existing cells

• Prokaryotes joined to form Eukaryotes

• All species change over time

• Traits are passed from parents to offspring

• Living creatures could arise from nonliving matter

Multiple Select

What evidence supports ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY?

• Prokaryotes are the size of Eukaryotic Organelles

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have unique plasmid DNA

• Trends show that life becomes more complex over time

• Cells have been observed to engulf other cells

• Microscopic evidence shows that prokaryotes can change into Eukaryotes at will

Open Ended

Describe similarities and/or differences in compartmentalization between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.