Reinforcement seventh 2nd and 3rd

​Reinforcement 2nd and 3rd term

Goal: to recall the key information of the 2nd and 3rd terms

The circulatory system consists of:

• a system of tubes (arteries, capillaries and veins)

• a pump (the heart)

• valves to ensure a one-way flow of blood

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​Arteries and veins

Arteries carry blood away from the heart towards an organ, while veins carry blood from an organ towards the heart.

​​Double circulation:

Makes reference to the entrance of blo​od twice in the heart for a complete cycle.

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Pulmonary circulation:

After blood has enter into the heart through the vena cava, it moves into the right side of it and goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery​

Systemic circulation:

Blood rich on oxygen enters into the heart through the pulmonary vein and moves through the left side of the heart to get expulsed towards the body through the aorta​

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Multiple Choice

What is blood made of?

• oxygen and plasma

• red blood cells and white blood cells

• plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

• plasma and platelets

Multiple Choice

What makes up around 55% of the blood?

• plasma

• red blood cell

• white blood cells

• platelets

Multiple Choice

What is the function (job) of the red blood cells?

• To transport oxygen around the body and to the muscles.

• To fight infections.

• To carry nutrients and sugars around the body.

Multiple Choice

What is the function (job) of the white blood cells?

• To transport oxygen around the body.

• To carry dissolved sugars.

• To clot and cover wounds like cuts.

• To fight infections.

Multiple Choice

What is the function (job) of the platelets?

• To form clots (i.e. scabs) when you have cuts.

• To transport oxygen to the muscles.

• To carry dissolved sugars.

• To produce antibodies.

Multiple Choice

These structures carry blood away from the heart.

• Blood cells
• Veins
• Capillaries
• Arteries

Multiple Choice

These structures carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
• Vena Cava

Multiple Choice

The purpose of heart valves is to 

• set the pace at which the heart beats
• prevent blood from flowing backward
• oxygenate the blood as it passes through the valve
• add minerals to the blood

Multiple Choice

• Left atrium
• Right atrium
• Left ventricle
• Right ventricle

Multiple Choice

The arrow indicates the

• Right ventricle
• Pulmonary artery
• Left ventricle
• Right atrium

Multiple Choice

The arrow indicates the

• Right ventricle
• Aorta
• Right atrium
• Atrium

Multiple Choice

Which side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs?

• Right
• Left

Multiple Choice

Which of the following brings blood back to the heart from the lungs?

• C

• D and K

• E

• B

Multiple Choice

The arrow indicates the

• Right atrium
• Left ventricle
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium

Multiple Choice

Which of the following carries blood TO the lungs?

• pulmonary veins

• pulmonary arteries

• aorta

• superior vena cava

Multiple Choice

What is the arrow pointing to?

• right atrium

• left atrium

• right ventricle

• left ventricle

Multiple Choice

Transports blood with oxygen from the heart to the body.

• Superior and inferior vena cava

• Pulmonary vein

• Pulmonary artery

• Aorta

Excretion

Excretion is the removal of the following substances:

• toxic materials

• waste products of metabolism

• excess substances from organisms

Excretion is not the same as egestion - which is the passing out of undigested food through the anus as faeces.

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Blood is brought to the kidney in the renal artery. The kidneys filter the blood and then reabsorb useful materials such as glucose. After it has been purified, the blood returns to the circulation through the renal vein.

Urine is taken from the kidneys to the bladder by the ureters. The bladder stores the urine until it is convenient to expel it from the body.

​

The inner part of the kidney is called the medulla and the outer part is the cortex.

A renal artery carries blood to the kidney and a renal vein carries it away. The ureter carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.​

​The kidney

Multiple Select

Which of these organs excretes waste?

• Skin

• Lungs

• Kidneys

Multiple Choice

Urine is a solution of ............... and other substances in water.

• acids

• bile

• amino acid

• urea

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide is excreted through the.............

• liver

• kidney

• urethra

• lungs

Multiple Choice

These organs are responsible for what?

• storing urine
• storing water
• filtering blood
• they don't have a particular job 

Multiple Choice

What is #4?

• Kidney
• Ureter
• Bladder
• Urethra

Multiple Choice

The correct labeling is:

• A- Kidneys

  B- Ureters

  C- Urinary bladder

  D- Urethra

• A- Ureters

  B- Kidneys

  C- Urinary bladder

  D- Urethra

• A- Ureters

  B- Urinary bladder

  C- Kidneys

  D- Urethra

• A- Ureters

  B- Urinary bladder

  C- Urethra

  D- Kidneys

Multiple Choice

….................... are the structural and functional units of kidneys.

• Neurons

• Nephrons

• Bowman's capsule

• Cortex

Multiple Choice

What is the term for the process by which organisms maintain their internal stability?

• Proteostasis

• Homeostasis

• stabilization

• interostasis

Multiple Choice

What is the tissue region labelled B called?

• pelvis

• cortex

• medulla

• capsule

Multiple Choice

Recall what structure carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

• Ureter

• Urethra

• Distal convoluted tubule

• Proximal convoluted tubule

Soil is a mixture of tiny particles of rock, dead plants and animals, air and water. Different soils have different properties depending on their composition.

• Sandy soil is pale coloured and has large particles. These create lots of small air gaps. Water drains through them easily so it usually feels dry.

• Clay soil is usually sticky and has small particles. They contain very few air gaps and water does not drain through it easily.

• Chalky soil is a light brown soil. Water drains through it quickly.

• Peat does not contain any rock particles. It's made from very old decayed plants and is dark, crumbly and rich in nutrients.

• Evaporation

• Transpiration

• Condensation

• Precipitation​

​

​THE WATER CYCLE

​

• ​Photosynthesis

• Feeding

• Respiration

• Fossilization

• Combustion​

THE CARBON CYCLE

​

Multiple Choice

The major nutrients that plants need are..

• Nitrogen, Potassium, Calcium

• Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen

• Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus

• Phosphorus, Titanium, Nitrogen

• Feeding

• Ammonification​

• Nitri​fication

• Assimilation

• Denitrification

• Nitrogen Fixation (lightning or bacteria)​

​

​THE NITROGEN CYCLE

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Multiple Choice

decayed matter (broken down remains of plants and animals) that gives soil the dark brown or black color

• weathering

• humus

• clay

• loam

Multiple Choice

three types of soil are...

• humus, sand, pebbles

• water, humus, grass

• clay, sand, loam

• weathering, erosion, humus

Multiple Choice

a type of soil that has the smallest particles, holds water well, and is sticky when wet

• clay

• sand

• loam

Multiple Choice

the type of soil with the largest particles, it does not hold water well, and has a light color

• clay

• sand

• loam

Multiple Choice

the type of soil that is a mixture of sand and clay

• clay

• sand

• loam

Multiple Choice

the process by which organic matter breaks down to become part of the soil

• decomposition

• humus

• weathering

• loam

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the process that fixes Nitrogen into Ammonia?

• Nitrification

• Denitrification

• Nitrogen Fixation

• Ammonia Fixation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes condensation?

• Ice becoming water when placed into a warm liquid.

• Water becoming ice in a freezer

• Liquid water being heated until it turns into steam.

• Steam from a teapot turning into liquid water.

Multiple Choice

What is precipitation?

• Sweat from our bodies on hot days

• Warm rain but not cold snow or sleet

• Gas that we use in furnaces or ovens

• Any form of water that falls from the sky

Multiple Choice

The process when plants release water vapor from their leaves is called _____________.

• precipitation

• evaporation

• transpiration

• condensation

Multiple Choice

What source of energy evaporates the most water from Earth’s surface?

• volcanoes
• the sun
• lightning
• wind

Multiple Choice

What happens to particles when they are heated?

• They speed up and spread out
• They slow down and compress
• They stop moving
• They move closer together and speed up

Multiple Choice

What is it called when water sticks to water?

• Cohesion

• Adhesion

• Capillary Action

• Xylem

Multiple Choice

oxygen is a gas produced by _ and used by  _ 

• plants and animals 
• photosynthesis and carbon dioxide 
• animals and plants 
• carbon dioxide and photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?

• Combustion
• Respiration
• Photosynthesis
• Death

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a decomposer?

• Owl
• Fish
• plant

• fungi

Multiple Choice

If the plant population decreased, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere would _________.

• Stay the same

• Increase

• Decrease

Multiple Choice

How do living organisms return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

• respiration and photosynthesis
•  decomposition and respiration

Multiple Choice

What is happening at 1?

• respiration: releasing CO2
• decomposing CO2 in the soil
• photosynthesis: absorbing CO2
• turning CO2 from the atmosphere into organic molecules

Multiple Choice

The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?

• lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere
• lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere
• higher levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
• higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Where can you find carbon?

• Only in the Earth's atmosphere.

• Inside all water molecules.

• Inside the sun.

• Inside every living thing on Earth.

Multiple Choice

Combustion is another word for __________.

• Transportation
• Respiration
• Fossil Fuels
• Burning

Multiple Choice

What process occurs when coal (fossil fuel) is used for energy?

• Decomposition
• Combustion
• Pressurization 
• Respiration 

Multiple Choice

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when bacteria convert ammonium to nitrite and then into nitrate?

• nitrogen fixation

• nitrification

• denitrification

• ammonification

• assimilation

Multiple Choice

Nitrogen makes up..

• 78% of the atmosphere.

• 90% of the atmosphere.

• 71% of the atmosphere.

• 53% of the atmosphere.

Multiple Choice

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes converts atmospheric nitrogen to a soil form of nitrogen that is usable by plants?

• nitrogen fixation

• nitrification

• denitrification

• ammonification

• assimilation

Multiple Choice

What is the main source of Nitrogen?

• Ocean

• Organisms

• Atmosphere

• Soil

Multiple Choice

Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...

• bacteria
• plants
• animals
• producers

Multiple Choice

Organisms that need nitrogen to survive

• only plants
• only animals
• only bacteria
• all living organisms

Multiple Choice

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

• From the air they breathe

• From the water they drink

• From the food they eat

• From the sun

Multiple Select

Choose the plants that are examples of legumes. You will need to select more than one correct answer.

• peas

• wheat

• corn

• clover

• beans

Multiple Choice

How can Nitrogen gas (N₂) be fixed into a usable form for plants?

• Through the action of bacteria only

• Through lightning only

• Through the action of bacteria and lightning

Multiple Choice

How do humans influence the carbon cycle?

• Burning fossil fuels

• Farting

• Crash bandicoot nitrocart

• Gex

Multiple Choice

After plants and animals contain nitrogen, what puts it back into atmosphere and soil?

• decomposition
• precipitation
• condensation
• bacteria

Multiple Select

Select all of the following biological molecules that contain nitrogen (more than one)

• amino acids

• DNA and RNA

• ATP

• starch

Multiple Choice

Which bacteria convert nitrate into nitrogen gas?

• nitrogen fixing bacteria

• nitrifying bacteria

• denitrifying bacteria

Multiple Choice

When organisms are broken down by decomposers, what process release their nitrogen containing molecules?

• ammonification

• nitrogen fixation

• nitrification

• denitrification

Multiple Choice

What types of organism convert nitrogen containing compounds into different forms in the nitrogen cycle?

• bacteria

• fungi

• viruses

• plants