Descriptive Text

Descriptive Text​

​By: Felicia Arya Dwi Putri

Describe Person, Animal, Thing

​To Describe

​Descriptive text is one type of text that clearly describes the inherent properties of something, be it humans, animals, plants or inanimate objects.

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​Purpose of Descriptive Text

The purpose of this text is to provide clear information about the object described to the reader or listener.

• ​why is the text witten?

• what is the purpose...

• what is the social function...​

• what is the writr's intention...​

​To Describe .....

​Types of Descriptive Text

1. Person

2. Animal

3. Place​

4. Thing​

To Describe

​Generic Structure

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Descriptive text has its own rules regarding its structure. The following are descriptive text sections:

Identification

This section, which is located in the first section, aims to identify an object to be described. Identification serves to introduce the reader to the object to be explained before being given more detailed information or description about the object in the next section.

Description

This section, located after identification, contains the characteristics inherent in something that has been identified or introduced.

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Description of people: body, face, eyes, hair, nose, personality.

​Description of animals: size, color, body, tail, nose, ear, eyes.

Description of things: color, texture, function, size, parts, type.​

​a. Tenses (simple present)

Used to state facts (facts), habitual actions (repeated events), general truths (general truths), or events that are currently happening. The verb used is the form of verb 1.​​

Formula :

(+) S + Is/Are/Am + O

e.g : She is smart.

(-) S + Is/Are/Am + O

e.g : She is not smart.

(?)Is/Are/Am + S + O ?

e.g : Is she smart.

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​Features of Language

Possesive pronoun is a part of speech that attributes the ownership to someone or something and stated after the noun.​

Demonstrative pronouns are adverbs that use the parameters number (amount) and distance (distance).

Singular :

This : for objects that are near (this).

e.g: This wallet, This book.

That : for distant objects (that).

e.g: That house, That building, That Girl.

Plural

These : for objects that are close (this).

e.g: These wallets, These books.

Those : for distant objects (that).

e.g : Those houses, Thouse buildings, Those girls.​

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​Possesive and Demontrative Pronoun

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​Quantifiers

Quantifier is a word that precedes a noun and serves to indicate the number of the noun.

Lots :

1. Many : Plural N+ Countable

e.g : many friends, many mice, many lambs.

2. Much : Singular N + Uncountable

e.g : Much water, much money, much information.

3. A lot of : Singular N + Uncountable / Plural N + Countable

e.g: A lot of work, a lot of water, a lot of doors, a lot of money.

A little :

1. A few : Countable + Plural N

e.g : A few women, A few minutes, a few moments.

2. A little : Uncountable + Singular N

e.g : a little milk, a little sugar, a little oil.

​Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

• Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object). Example: ​

This box is smaller than the one I lost.

• Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).​ Examples

• My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.

Order of Adjective​

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​To describe

​The general order is Opinions before Facts. This means that Opinions should always come before Facts while arranging the adjectives before nouns.

• Therefore, the normal order is Determiner – Opinion – Facts – Nouns

• Fact adjectives can be further broken down and arranged into size, shape, age, color/origin/material/purpose

 

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​a. Preposition

1. The use of in (Inside) gives information that an object is inside another object.

2. E.g : The ring is in a box, you can find it in the paper.

Usage on (Above)

e.g : Don't put your clothes on the table, hang the picture on the wall.

Use of under (Under)

e.g : The cat sleeps under the table, He is hiding under the grass.

b. Article

The use of a is used for common single nouns.

e.g : A basketball ball is round

A girl, A boy.

The use of an is used for a single common noun whose initial letter is a vowel.

e.g : An apple, An umbrella, An hour.

The use of the for objects whose existence or in general is known, objects that can be counted (plural or singular), and objects that cannot be counted.

e.g : the sun, the moon, the book

​Other Language Features

Tittle: Ki Hadjar Dewantara

Identification: Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat was born in Yogyakarta, on May 2nd, 1889. He was also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara. He lived in colonial era. 

Description: Ki Hadjar Dewantara could get better education because he came from royal family. He was the first minister of national education of the Republic of Indonesia. He died in Yogyakarta, on April 26th, 1959. He was the founder of Taman Siswa School. He was honoured to be Indonesian National Hero. His date of birth was commemorated as National Education Day.

Ki Hadjar Dewantara was famous with proverb for education. They are Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Ing ngarso sung tulodo means (for those) in front become an example, (for those) in the middle raise the spirit, and (for those) behind give encouragement. Nowadays, part of this proverb, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as the motto of Indonesian Ministry of Education. It was meant to describe an ideal teacher, after transmitting knowledge to their students, the teacher would stand behind their students and give them encouragements.

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​Example of Person

Tittle: My Rabbit

Identification: I have a male rabbit named Boli. Boli is an angora rabbit. It is my birthday gift from my uncle.

Description: He has a very fat body with very fine white fur. He weighs approximately 57 grams with for about 52 cm body length. Boli has beautiful blue eyes. Boli does not like being quiet. He likes running and jumping. He is very happy if I let him out and play in the yard. Boli loves vegetables especially carrots. When it's time to eat, he approaches me. Although Boli loves carrots, I always give him additional foods such as multivitamins and minerals. In spite of being very active, Boli does not like water. When the bath time arrives, I must try my best to bathe him. Sometimes I have to chase him first and put it in a special tub. Because of his very adorable body and behavior, I love Boli very much. I hope Boli can always accompany me every day.

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​Example of Animal

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Tittle: My Camera

Identification: My favorite thing is my camera. It is a brand new digital camera. I really love it. My father gave this camera on my 16th birthday.

Description: My digital camera is black. It is the newest product of a famous camera company. It is one of the larger types of camera which is named DSLRs (Digital Single Lens Reflex) because we can see the image directly through the lens that are used to take the image. When the shutter is pressed, a mirror flips up to expose the sensor to light. It also has the largest sensors, which in general allows me to get the best quality pictures, especially in low-light conditions. I love my digital camera. I usually bring it in every special moment in my life, such as birthday, wedding, and many other occasions. I hope that this camera will always accompany me and there will be many more special events captured by this camera.

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​Example of Thing

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