Unit 3 - The American Revolution

Unit 3 - ​The Struggle for Liberty

​ British Soldiers Hessian Soldier American Soldier

Match

Match the following

• Hessian Soldier

• American Soldier

• British Soldier

Green Hat

Blue Uniform

Red Uniform

• Green Hat

• Blue Uniform

• Red Uniform

​Supporting the War Effort

• ​375,000 Americans served in the military during the Revolutionary War and were fighting for their homes and freedom

• It was tough keeping soldiers as the U.S. could not always pay them on-time and the wealthy put their slaves or indentured servants in their place

• The British offered slaves their freedom if they fought for them and this forced the U.S. to allow African Americans to serve in the U.S. army

• Women ran farms, businesses, and families while the men were away and others served as spies, nurses, and messengers for the U.S. army

• Mary Ludwig Hayes(Molly Pitcher)​ took her husband's position loading cannons during a battle after he was wounded and Deborah Sampson dressed as a man and fought in several battles as a man

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Multiple Choice

How many Americans served in the Revolutionary War in total?

• 175,000

• 275,000

• 375,000

• 475,000

Multiple Select

What three jobs did women do at home during the Revolutionary War?

• Took care of their families

• Ran Farms

• Lead armies into battle

• Ran Businesses

​Defeats and Victories

• ​General Montgomery captured Montreal and he and General Arnold failed to capture Quebec and Canada would not be captured for the rest of the war

• British General Howe landed 32,000 men in New York and easily defeated General Washington at a series of battles on Long Island

• General Washington escaped across the river at night before his army could be captured and many of his cannons and supplies from Fort Ticonderoga had to be left behind.

• Thomas Paine writes the American Crisis to remind American why we are fighting the British

• Jewish American Hayam Salomon stayed in New York to spy on the British and helped finance the U.S. army and Nathan Hale was caught as a spy and hanged by the British while his wife watched​

• General Washington had 6,000 men remaining and needed quick victories to keep his army together and decided to attack across the Delaware River and capture several thousand British and Hessian soldiers at the Battles of Trenton and Princeton

• British General Burgoyne is moving south and captures Fort Ticonderoga and is surrounded by a large American army in New York

• General Howe is supposed to come north to Albany and St. Leger is supposed to come from the west and all three armies are to meet and defeat the Americans and cut off New England from the rest of the colonies

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Multiple Choice

Generals Montgomery and Arnold successfully captured the city of Quebec and Canada was under U.S. control for the rest of the war

• True

• False

Match

Match the following Generals with the battles they won

• General Howe

• General Washington

• General Montgomery

Battles of New York

Battles of Trenton and Princeton

Montreal

• Battles of New York

• Battles of Trenton and Princeton

• Montreal

Multiple Choice

What British General was defeated at the Battle of Saratoga?

• General Burgoyne

• General Howe

• General Gates

• General Smith

Multiple Choice

What American general captured the British army at Saratoga?

• General Washington

• General Lee

• General Jackson

• General Gates

​Help From Europe

• ​The American victory at Saratoga showed we could win this war and France, Spain, and Holland sided with the Americans and began to give us money, weapons, and soldiers to fight the British

• Marquis de Lafayette came from France to help the U.S. and was a close friend to Washington​

• Baron Friedrich von Steuben ​came from Prussia and trained Washington's army to become professional soldiers

• Casimir Pulaski ​came form Poland and was a cavalry general for the U.S. army and was killed trying to capture the city of Charleston, S.C.

• Bejamin Franklin was able to convince the King of France to help the U.S. after the Battle of Saratoga and a war ship was made in France ​for the American navy called the Bonhomme Richard.

​ Lafayette von Steuben Pulaski

Match

Match the following Europeans who helped the U.S. with the country they came from

• Marquis de Lafayette

• Casimir Pulaski

• Baron von Steuben

France

Poland

Prussia (Germany)

• France

• Poland

• Prussia (Germany)

Multiple Select

What three European countries helped the U.S defeat the British?

• Spain

• Portugal

• France

• Netherlands (Holland)

​Winter at Valley Forge

• ​In December, 1777 Washington's 12,000 men settled outside of Philadelphia, PA at Valley Forge for the winter

• There was much suffering in the form of illnesses, starvation, and​ frostbite

• Many of the men did not have proper boots, coats, hats, and gloves to protect them from the cold Pennsylvania winter

• The men lived in small log shelters and were constantly looking for food

• 2,000 soldiers died that winter as the British army lived in the warm homes of Philadelphia to the south​

• Baron von Steuben spent the winter drilling these American soldiers and by spring they were an effective fighting force

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Multiple Choice

How many men did Washington have at Valley Forge and How many died?

• 12,000 and 3,000

• 11,000 and 2,000

• 14,000 and 4,000

• 12,000 and 2,000

Multiple Select

What were the three ways Americans died at Valley Forge?

• Drowning

• Starvation

• Frostbite

• Illnesses

​War at Sea and in the West

• ​The U.S. did not have a navy at the beginning of the war

• The French built several ships of war for the U.S. and their ships even fought the British all over the world after they entered the war after the Battle of Saratoga

• John Paul Jones' ship the USS Bonhomme Richard defeated the HMS​ Serapis of the coast of Great Britain

• General George Rogers Clark captured several important outposts in Illinois and his victory at Vincennes, Indiana allowed the U.S. to keep the west after the war ended

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Multiple Choice

What was the name of the ship John Paul Jones commanded that defeated the HMH Serapis?

• USS Lexington

• HMS Bonhomme Richard

• USS Enterprise

• USS Bonhomme Richard

Multiple Choice

What state is Vincennes in today?

• Indiana

• Illinois

• Iowa

• New York