Powerplant Module 1

​We will discusses the historical events in the development of reciprocating engines in the aviation industry, the different classifications of reciprocating engines based on cylinder arrangement, cylinder displacement and engine cooling method.

​History and Development of Reciprocating Engine

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Multiple Choice

It is generated by the motion of the airplane through the air and considered as an aerodynamic

force.

• Lift

• Weight

• Thrust

• Drag

Multiple Choice

The air resists

the motion of the aircraft and the resistance force is called

• Lift

• Weight

• Thrust

• Drag

Multiple Choice

It is a force that is always directed toward the center of the earth. The magnitude of the

___ depends on the mass of all the airplane parts, plus the amount of fuel, plus any payload

on board like people, baggage, freight, etc.

• Lift

• Weight

• Thrust

• Drag

Multiple Choice

To overcome drag, airplanes use a propulsion system to generate a force called ___

• Lift

• Weight

• Thrust

• Drag

​Types of Reciprocating Engine

​Reciprocating engines

Reciprocating engines or piston engines work in combination with

a propeller to produce thrust.

Subject | Subject

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​Gas turbine engines

Gas turbine engines produce thrust by increasing the velocity of air

flowing through the engine.

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​STEAM POWERED ENGINES

(EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES)

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​1780's

" James Watt designed and built steam engines

​1808

​“Father of Aerial Navigation”

​"aerial oar or carriage"

​Sir George Cayley

​1857

Felix du Temple of France​ successfully flew a clockwork

(wound spring) powered model

​

​1848

​

Employed a miniature steam engine that includes two propellers and gearing

​

​William Samuel Henson and John Stringfellow’s

​Michaux brothers attached a steam engine to a bicycle, creating their first powered motorcycle

​

​18

​1879

​Alexander F. Mozhaiski journeyed to America and then to England where he eventually found two suitable steam engines of 10 and 20 horsepower (HP) for his flight experiments.

​1884

​Successfully flew his steam powered full scale aircraft design to accomplish a "powered hop" and not truly powered flight as had been claimed by the Russian government.

​1890

​Clement Ader also conducted flight experiments in in his steam powered “Eole” aircraft, and even claimed to be the first man to have successfully flown a heavier-than-aircraft.

​1890

​Samuel Pierpoint Langley's model Aerodrome experiments used small steam engines. His highly successful flights of the model Aerodrome No.5 utilized a 1 HP steam engine.

Match

Match the following

• Designed and built steam engines

• Father of Aerial Navigation

• Successfully flew a clockwork (wound spring)

• First powered motorcycle

• Alexander F. Mozhaiski journeyed to America and then to England

James Watt

Sir George Cayley

Felix du Temple

1869

1879

• James Watt

• Sir George Cayley

• Felix du Temple

• 1869

• 1879

​PISTON ENGINES

(INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES)

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​1801

FeA crude version of the two stroke engine was initially designed by Frenchman Phillipe Lebon d'Humberstein

​

​1854

​Italian inventors Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci patented a somewhat more useful two stroke engine.

​1858

​Frenchman Etienne Lenoir began work

in 1850 on a new type of engine that electrically ignited lighting gas with atmospheric-pressure air

​1866

​German inventor Nicolaus August Otto and his brother Wilhelm designed variations of the two cycle Lenoir non-compressed (atmospheric pressure) gas engine.

​1876

​Franz Rings conceptualized such an engine and by 1877 successfully produced a working prototype

​1885

​

Gasoline fueled motorcycles and automobiles powered by both two and four cycle engines were being manufactured in relatively small quantities​

​

​1903

​The engine used by Langley in the attempted flights of his full sized Aerodrome aircraft was developed by Charles M. Manly, based on a substantial redesign of a Balzer automobile engine

​

​1903

​The early experiments of Orville and Wilbur Wright employed a horizontally arranged inline 4-cylinder, four cycle engine designed by Wright employee and mechanic Charles Taylor

​

​1904

​Wright designs included a series of V-8 engines

​1907

​The Aeronautical Experimental Association (also referred to as the Aerial Experiment Association by the British) was founded by Alexander Graham Bell and top motorcycle racer/engine builder Glenn Curtiss

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​1908

​The Antoinette engine, designed by French engineer Leon Levavasseur with businessman Jules Gastambide, was clearly technologically advanced

​1909

​A version featured heads and cylinder barrels machined from a single steel forging, a fabrication method that resulted in improved mechanical strength

(leading to better engine reliability)

​1909

​Frenchmen and brothers Laurent and Louis Seguin finished their improved version of Farwell's rotary engine design. an early prototype featured five cylinders that produced 34 HP

​

​1910

​Curtiss' most well-known and prolific pre-war engine series started with the "OX-5" V-8. This engine is best known for powering the popular Curtiss JN4 Jenny trainers of WW1.

​

​1890

Felix du Temple of France​ successfully flew a clockwork

(wound spring) powered model

​

​1914

​Gnome had developed a wide range of rotary engines that would meet a large variety of customers' power and weight requirements.

​It is now your turn to make a report!!!

1. ​Group yourselves into 6.

2. Your instructor will then give you your topic.

3. Make a PowerPoint Presentation of the topic.

4. Discuss it with the class (No more than 30 mins)