Parts of the motherboard

​Parts of the Motherboard

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​Objectives

1.  Label different parts of the motherboard

 

2.  Identify Parts of old and new motherboard

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​What is Motherboard?

A motherboard is simply a big electronic printed circuit board, with lots of connectors to plug things into and hundreds, if not thousands, of feet of electrical traces that run between the various sockets. Theoretically, the board isn't needed: you could connect everything together by using a huge mass of wires. The performance would be terrible, though, as the signals would interfere with one another, and there would be notable power losses by using this method, too.​

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​What is Motherboard?

Think of the motherboard as an orchestral conductor bringing the various parts together in perfect harmony. On a motherboard, you can expect to see standard components like capacitors, resistors, and VRMs, which manage the electrical current.

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Depending on the processor or CPU, motherboards has different sockets , for latest Intel 11th Gen CPU we have the latest LGA 1200 socket, and for AMD 5000 Series we have Socket AM5.Types Of Storage Devices

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​Parts of motherboard

If you open up your desktop computer and take out the motherboard, you would probably get pretty confused about all the different parts. Depending on the make and model of your computer.

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we will study the diferent parts of motherboards based on its model:

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​1. Old motherboard which uses old Intel Socket 370 and a Pentium III CP

2. New Motherboard uses AMD and newer socket Called AM4 Socket

1.    Universal socket 370 for Intel® Pentium®III (CopperMine/Tualatin) processor

2.    Intel 815EP/ICH2 chipset

3.    ATX form factor

​Old motherboard a GA-6OXT (rev. 1.x)

1. Back Panel

The back panel is the portion of the motherboard that allows you to connect external devices, such as your monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse. As can be seen in the picture below, the back panel is on the edge of the motherboard. When installing the motherboard, this side of the motherboard would be on the back side of the case and is inserted into the cases I/O plate.​

2. Northbridge

        Alternatively referred to as the PAC (PCI/AGP Controller) and NB, the Northbridge is an integrated circuit responsible for communications be2tween the CPU interface, AGP, and the memory. Unlike the southbridge, the northbridge is directly connected to these components. It acts as a "bridge" for the southbridge chip to communicate with the CPU, RAM, and graphics controller. Today, the northbridge is a single-chip that is north of the PCI bus

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3. CNR Riser Expansion Slot

Short for Communication and Network Riser, CNR is a specification that supports Audio, Modem, USB, and LAN interfaces of core logic chipsets. CNR slot technology was introduced by Intel on February 7, 2000. It was mainly developed by leading hardware and software developers who helped release the AMR (Audio Modem Riser) slot.​

4. Front Panel

The front panel header is where the connectors of hard disk drive activity lights, case speaker, reset button, power on/off button, computer power on light, and key lock, are connected to make them function smoothly. ... Connecting the front panel would no longer be the headache of installing motherboard anymore.​

5. CMOS Battery

A battery that maintains the time, date, hard disk and other configuration settings in the CMOS memory. CMOS batteries are small and are attached directly to the motherboard.

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6. Southbridge

The southbridge is a chip that connects the northbridge to other components inside the computer, including hard drives, network connections, USB and Firewire devices, the system clock, and standard PCI cards. The southbridge sends and receives data from the CPU through the northbridge chip, which is connected directly to the computer's processor.

On Intel systems, the southbridge is also referred to as the I/O Controller Hub, since it controls the input and output devices​

7. PCI Slots

Stands for "Peripheral Component Interconnect." PCI is a hardware bus used for adding internal components to a desktop computer. For example, a PCI card can be inserted into a PCI slot on a motherboard, providing additional I/O ports on the back of a computer

8. AGP Slots

Short for accelerated graphics port, AGP is an advanced port designed for video cards and 3D accelerators. Developed by Intel and introduced in August 1997, AGP introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel that allows the graphics controller direct access to the system memory.​

9. IDE Connectors

Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is a standard interface for connecting a motherboard to storage devices such as hard drives and CD-ROM/DVD drives. The original IDE had a 16-bit interface that connected two devices to a single-ribbon cable. This cost-effective IDE device carried its own circuitry and included an integrated disk drive controller. Prior to IDE, controllers were separate external devices.​

10. Floppy Disk Connector

The floppy channel, FDD header, or floppy connection is where the floppy drive connects to the computer motherboard by using a floppydrive cable.​

​11. RAM Slots

RAM (Random Access Memory) also called computer memory is another crucial part of the computer. It’s volatile that temporarily store dynamic data to enhance computer performance while you are working and it loses its contents once power is turned off. Well, the memory slots are where we insert the RAM. Most motherboards have two to four memory slots, which determine the type of RAM used with the computer. And the most common types of RAM are SDRAM and DDR for desktop computers and SODIMM for laptop computers, each having various types and speeds

​12. 20 Pin Power Connector

An ATX style connector is a replacement for the older P8 and P9 AT style connector. It is one of the largest connectors inside a computer. It connects a power supply to an ATX style motherboard.

​13. CPU, Heatsink and Fan

In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU) without soldering.

Stands for "Heat Sink and Fan." Nearly all computers have heat sinks, which help keep the CPU cool and prevent it from overheating.