Chapter 8: America Builds an Empire

​Chapter 8:

America Builds an Empire

Multiple Choice

Prior Knowledge

What is "foreign policy"?

• Foreign policy is a country's treatment of other countries.

• Foreign policy is how a country treats its own citizens.

​OBJECTIVE:

We will identify and discuss the reasons why the U.S. went to war with Spain in 1898, as well as how the U.S. acquired a colonial empire.

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​CLOSING TASK:

​I will be able to explain why the Spanish-American​ war marked a "turning point" in American history.​

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I will be able to explain what strategic and political factors that led America to become an imperial power.​

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​I will be able to explain the main consequences of American imperialism.

​Key Terms

expansionism – practice of annexing new territory

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foreign policy – actions that relate to the relationships between nations

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domestic policy – actions that relate to conditions within a nation

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diplomacy – the practice of conducting negotiations between nations

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isolationism – policy to remain free from relationships with other nations

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annexation – the act of taking in new territory​

Subject | Subject

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Multiple Choice

practice of annexing new territory

• diplomacy

• expansionism

Multiple Choice

actions that relate to the relationships between nations

• foreign policy

• diplomacy

Multiple Choice

actions that relate to conditions within a nation

• foreign policy

• domestic policy

Multiple Choice

the practice of conducting negotiations between nations

• diplomacy

• isolationism

Multiple Choice

policy to remain free from relationships with other nations

• diplomacy

• isolationism

Multiple Choice

the act of taking in new territory

• expansionism

• annexation

Protect U.S. economic interest in Cuba​

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Newspapers' "sensationalism"

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Yellow Journalism​

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​Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor (258 U.S. sailors killed)

​United States

Harsh treatment ​

​of Cubans

(Humanitarian Concerns)

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​De Lome Letter called President McKinley "weak"

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​Spain

​Main Causes of the Spanish-American War

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​The war was fought in the Caribbean and Pacific.

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The U.S. Pacific Fleet​ defeated the Spanish at Manila.

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Theodore Roosevelt's volunteer "Rough Riders" joined U.S. troops in Cuba.

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Other ​forces captured Guam and Puerto Rico

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Cuba became a virtual "protectorate" of the United States​

​Cuba

U.S. gets:

Philippines

Puerto Rico

Guam​

​United States

Results of the Spanish-American War

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​Why War is Considered a Turning Point

​Ended Spanish colonial empire in the Americas

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The U.S. emerged from the war as a world power, after displaying its naval strength.

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Open Ended

How did the Spanish-American War mark a "turning point" in American history?

​Lesson Framework

​America Builds an Empire

​OBJECTIVE:

We will identify and discuss the reasons why the U.S. went to war with Spain in 1898, as well as how the U.S. acquired a colonial empire.

​

CLOSING TASK:

I will be able to explain why the Spanish-American​ war marked a "turning point" in American history.

​

I will be able to explain what strategic and political factors led America to become an imperial power.

​

I will be able to explain the main consequences of American imperialism.

​

​

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Many Americans believed they should annex the newly-acquired territories.​

​Annexation

​annexation – the act of taking in new territory

​Occupation

​American Imperialism

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Multiple Choice

The act of taking in new territory is known as ______.

• annexation

• diplomacy

• expansionism

• Open-Door Policy

Promote U.S. Naval strength

• Naval ​bases would help U.S. maintain a powerful Navy to protect its interests

​Strategic Reasons

-U.S. is now an industrial power​

-Colonies could provide:

• raw materials

• guaranteed market

• place for farmers to sell their surplus​

​Need For Raw Materials and Markets

Reasons For Colonial Expansion

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• Anglo-Saxon ​superiority

• "superior race" should rule others

• Progressives believed that by spreading American institutions, they could help other poor people across the world​

​Attitudes Towards Other People

Show other nations how strong the U.S. had become

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European powers were gathering colonies, so the U.S. better grab its own before nothing was left​

​Nationalism

Reasons For Colonial Expansion

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​Alfred Thayer Mahan

​President of the Naval War College

Argued that to achieve world power, a country needed a powerful navy. This would require colonies and naval bases in the Pacific.​

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​Opposition to Colonialism

​Many Americans felt uneasy about forcing colonial rule on others.

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Some Americans felt that colonialism violated the basic democratic principles of self-government on which the United States was founded.​

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American Anti-Imperialist League​

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Multiple Choice

Was the "American Anti-Imperialist League"

FOR or AGAINST

the acquisition of colonies?

• FOR

• AGAINST

• Puerto Rico

• Samoa

• Midway​

• Philippines

• Guam

• Hawaii​

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​Colonies Acquired

​In the end, the imperialists won the argument

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Poll

If you were a Congressional representative, would you have voted to keep the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico as colonies?

• YES

• NO

​Applying What We Have Learned

Pretend that our class is the U.S. Congress and we're debating whether to keep the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico as colonies.

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Delegates from each of these places also makes statements to Congress.

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​Congress then votes! (141)

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Use the "ledger" on page 142 ​to list your arguments for or against annexing overseas colonies.

Subject | Subject

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Multiple Choice

the act of taking in new territory

• expansionism

• annexation

Multiple Choice

policy to remain free from relationships with other nations

• diplomacy

• isolationism

​America in the pacific

THE PHILIPPINES: Filipinos were greatly disappointed ​when the U.S. Congress decided to annex the Philippines instead of granting them their independence.

Subject | Subject

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Video Response

What do you think will happen after the Congress decides to annex the Philippines? Video record your response using the following sentence stem:

"I predict that ______, because...."

Open Video Recorder

​America in the pacific

HAWAII: The U.S. used the islands as a refueling station for American ships.

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American settlers built large sugar and pineapple plantations.

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​America in the pacific

HAWAII: Queen Liliuokalani, the native ruler, tried to take political power back from American landowners.

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Open Ended

In a COMPLETE SENTENCE, how do you think American landowners will respond to the Queen's attempt to take away their political power?

​Sandford b. dole

• ​Lawyer

• Helped overthrow the queen

• He served as President until the U.S. annexed Hawaii

• Served as Governor​

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Multiple Choice

The Spanish-American War (1898) marked a turning point in American foreign policy because the United States---

• developed a plan for peaceful coexistence

• emerged as a new world power

• pledged neutrality in future European conflict

• refused to become a colonial power

​AMERICA AND EAST ASIA

​newly-acquired colonies increased american opportunities for trade with both china and japan

​In China, European powers had established spheres of influence in the 1850s. The U.S. did not have a "sphere of influence" in China. The U.S. was afraid that European nations would block American trade under these "spheres."

​John Hay

​Secretary of state

Announced the "Open Door" Policy, giving equal trading rights to all foreign nations in China.

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He sent notice to the other major powers and declared his policy to be in effect. ​

Multiple Choice

The "Open Door" Policy gave equal trading rights to all foreign nations in China.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A primary reason for the establishment of the Open Door Policy was---

• to protect U.S. trade in China.

• to gain control of the Panama Canal Zone.

• to encourage Chinese immigration to the United States.

• to improve relations with China.

​The Boxer Rebellion

​"Boxers" Opposed Western Influence in China

Boxer Rebellion ​threatened the lives of foreigners living in China.

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An international army, which included the U.S., crushed the rebellion.​

​Japan

​Foreign Trade

The U.S. became the ​first power to open Japan to foreign trade. Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade, ending traditional Japanese isolation.

Japan industrializes and emerges as a leading military power in Asia.

It defeats China and then Russia in two separate wars.​

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Multiple Choice

policy to remain free from relationships with other nations

• diplomacy

• isolationism

​America in the Caribbean

​Effects of the Spanish-American War

As we learned earlier, the Spanish-American War gave the U.S. direct control of Puerto Rico and indirect control of Cuba.

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These acquisitions led to increased American interests in the Caribbean region.​

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​Need for a Canal

​Hemispheric Security

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​Economic Interests

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​Reasons for U.S. Interest in the Caribbean

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The Caribbean region was an important supplier of agricultural products, like sugar, and provided a valuable market for American goods and investments.​

​Economic Interests

U.S. sought to keep foreign powers out of the Caribbean because they might pose a threat to American security.​

​Hemispheric Security

Reasons For U.S. Interest in the Caribbean

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​The most likely way to achieve this was by building a canal in Central America

The Spanish-American War demonstrated that ​the U.S. needed easier access by water between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

​Need for a Canal

Reasons For U.S. Interest in the Caribbean

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​Duplicate this text as many times as you would like.

​Subheader text

1900 U.S. establishes a civil government with a Governor, an upper house of delegate picked by the President and approved by Congress.​

​American Possession 1898

​Puerto Rico

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Multiple Choice

actions that relate to the relationships between nations

• foreign policy

• diplomacy

Cuban Constitution was amended to allow the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs at any time.

The Platt Amendment was eventually repealed (1930s))​

​Platt Amendement

After the Spanish-American War​, the U.S. remained in Cuba.

American businesses invested heavily in Cuba​

​"Protectorate"

​Cuba

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Multiple Choice

The Platt Amendment allowed Cuba to intervene in U.S. affairs at any time.

• True

• False

President Roosevelt helps Panamanians rebel against Columbia in exchange for a Canal Zone​​

Construction

​Allow U.S. warships to move back and forth between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

​Need for Canal

​Panama Canal

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Intense heat

Heavy rains caused mudslides

Yellow Fever spread by mosquitos

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​Geographic Factors

51-miles long​

10 years to build​

$400 million

thousands of lives lost​

​Economic Factors

​Challenges of Building the Panama Canal

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Multiple Choice

Which geographic factor played a role in the construction of the Panama Canal?

• Workers faced attacks by Panamanian nationalists.

• Heavy rains and mountainous terrain led to frequent mudslides.

• Cutting through the bedrock had to be done without heavy machinery.

• Similar elevations of the Atlantic and Pacific allowed for swift construction.

Open Ended

EXIT TICKET: Use one of the following key terms in a complete sentence.

ANNEXATION

FOREIGN POLICY