Somatic nervous system

Draw

Label each sensory pathway. What type of information does each carry?

​7. Describe somatic motor pathways/ descending pathways, including the locations and functions of the upper motor neuron and lower motor neurons (ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord to skeletal muscles).

Multiple Choice

The blue neuron is the____

• Upper motor neuron

• Lower motor neuron

• Sensory neuron

Multiple Choice

The red neuron is the____

• Upper motor neuron

• Lower motor neuron

• Sensory neuron

Multiple Choice

The red neuron releases

• Glutamate

• GABA

• Acetylcholine

• All of the above

• We haven't learned this

Multiple Choice

If the ventral (anterior) root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

• a loss of movement

• a loss of sensations

• a loss of movement and sensations

​7. Describe somatic motor pathways/ descending pathways, including the locations and functions of the upper motor neuron and lower motor neurons (ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord to skeletal muscles).

Draw

1. What is the name of this tract?

2. Label the following:

-upper motor neurons

-lower motor neurons 

-decussation of the pyramids

-the anterior (ventral horn)

​Corticospinal tract

Multiple Choice

The cell body of upper motor neuron of the rubrospinal tract is in the__

• Primary motor cortex

• Spinal cord

• Red nucleus

• Vestibular nucleus

• Superior colliculus

Multiple Choice

The cell body of the lower motor neuron of the vestibulospinal tract is in the__

• Primary motor cortex

• Spinal cord

• Red nucleus

• Vestibular nucleus

• Superior colliculus

*i​ncluding the location of the upper motor neurons (i.e., red nucleus, vestibular nucleus, superior and inferior colliculi, or reticular nucleus to the spinal cord) and lower motor neurons

Multiple Choice

Which region adjusts motor output based on proprioceptive information?

• Primary motor cortex

• Cerebellum

• Basal nuclei

• Red nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which region affects the pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways?

• Primary motor cortex

• Cerebellum

• Basal nuclei

• Red nucleus

Explain the process of performing motor activity, including the how the cerebellum compares different sources of information in order to control balance & equilibrium and how basal nuclei receives information and outputs information to adjust movements

• Prefrontal cortex, basal nuclei (ganglia), cerebellum, lower motor neurons, medial and lateral pathways, proprioceptors, spinocerebellar pathwayplace

​Clinical case study

A 39-year-old female, lost control while skiing and hit her head on a tree. She regained consciousness en route to the hospital and was agitated and combative. Paramedics observed that she had extreme muscle weakness of her right leg and partial weakness of her right arm. A head CT scan revealed an extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage and surgery to remove large clots from the subarachnoid space was performed immediately immediately.

Two weeks after the surgery, she showed significant improvement in motor function.

Draw

The head CT scan revealed an extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage. Label the location of the blood clots

Multiple Choice

The adult brain consists of four main anatomical regions. Based on the observed signs in this case (agitated and combative, extreme muscle weakness of her right leg and partial weakness of her right arm) which of these four brain regions is involved?

• Cerebellum

• Cerebrum

• Hypothalamus

• Brainstem

Multiple Choice

Which side of the brain is involved in Mrs. Bryans’s injury?

• Right

• Left

• Both

• Cannot be determined

Multiple Choice

What specific parts of the brain region you previously identified have been affected by the injury so as to cause the extreme muscle weakness of her right leg and partial weakness of her right arm

• The left midlateral motor cortex

• The right midlateral motor cortex

• The left medial motor cortex

• The right medial motor cortex