Caliphates

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​First, lets review some things from last week!

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Multiple Choice

Which one of these is NOT a five pillar of Islam?

• Giving Alms (giving back to poor)

• Praying 4 times a day

• Saying a dedication creed every time you pray

• Fasting

Multiple Choice

Islam is a monotheistic religion

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the holy book of Islam?

• Quran

• Bible

• Torah

• Muhammad

A caliphate is like a big kingdom or empire ruled by a leader called a caliph. The word "caliph" means "successor" because they were considered successors to Prophet Muhammad.

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​What is a Caliphate?

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Multiple Choice

A caliphate could be compared to a...?

• Kingdom

• Empire

• Nation

• All of these are true

​ The caliph was considered the successor to the Prophet Muhammad and was both the religious and political leader of the Muslim world.

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​Caliphs

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​Take a moment to write this definition in your road map notes:

​Caliph:

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religious and political leader of the Muslim world.

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Multiple Choice

REVIEW: Most caliphates were dynasties. What is a dynasty?

• When a new leader is chosen by god.

• When the government selects the successor

• When a leader is elected into leadership

• when one family rules a country or region over a long period of time

A sultan was like a big boss or leader in an Islamic empire. They were in charge of making important decisions and guiding the empire.

Sultans

​Take a moment to write this definition in your road map notes:

​Sultan:

Another name for a Muslim ruler who has political authority but not spiritual authority.​

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​The first four caliphs were companions of Prophet Muhammad. They were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. They helped spread Islam and were important figures in the early Muslim community.

First 4 Caliphs

The early caliphs expanded the Islamic empire, spreading it across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Spain. They conquered new lands, but they also brought new ideas, cultures, and learning.

Expanding Islam

Multiple Choice

REVIEW: What are some ways the religion of Islam spread?

• Marriage, migration, and cultural exchange.
• Trade, conquest, and missionary activities.
• Military campaigns, colonization, and forced conversion.
• Political alliances, economic incentives, and religious tolerance.

Two major caliphates were the Umayyad and Abbasid. The Umayyads were based in Damascus, and the Abbasids later moved the capital to Baghdad. Each had its own time of power and influence.

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​Umayyad & Abbasid Dynasty

Multiple Choice

What was NOT one of the three ways they unified the Empire?

• They established a strong bureaucracy

• They established a common coinage

• They created a dictatorship and ruled very strictly

• They made Arabic the common language

Multiple Choice

Why did people become frustrated with the Umayyad Dynasty?

• They were too power hungry and cared too much about their wealth

• They were too strict and involved in citizen's lives

• They kept spreading themselves too thin

• They were not making enough money

TIME FOR AN ACTING BREAK  

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate was known for the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, a fantastic place where scholars gathered to learn and share knowledge in fields like science, math, and philosophy.

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The period when the Islamic caliphates were at their height is often called the "Golden Age of Islam." During this time, there were many advancements in science, medicine, and arts.

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​Abbadid Caliphate = Golden Age of Islam

Multiple Choice

What Caliphate took over when the Umayyad's were overthrown?

• The Romans

• The Ottomans

• The Spartans

• The Abbasids