2.3 Carbon Compounds

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​How are carbon compounds critical for life?

Learning Target H: Identify the elements carbon bonds with to form life's molecules

Success Criteria:​

• define the term monomer and polymer

• identify the elements that carbon bonds with

• identify the importance of carbon-carbon bonds​

Some text here about the topic of discussion

• 4 valence electrons

  • allows many covalent bonds with many elements​

• These carbon compounds have many chemical properties essential to life​

• Can form chains with other carbons​

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​Chemistry of Carbon

• Carbon to carbon bonds can be

  1. single covalent bonds

  2. double covalent bonds

  3. triple covalent bonds

• Examples?

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​Chemistry of Carbons

​

​

Single covalent bond​

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​Chemistry of Carbons

​

​

Double covalent bond​

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​Chemistry of Carbons

​

​

Triple covalent bond​

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​Chemistry of Carbons

​What elements does carbon bond with to make up life's chemicals?

Carbon can bond with many elements:

• Hydrogen

• ​Oxygen

• Phosphorous

• Sulfur

• Nitrogen​

2.3​

​Why is this important?

No other element matches carbon's versatility or the size of molecules it can form.​

2.3 ​

​Definitions:

Monomer: small chemical unit that makes up polymer; building blocks of macromolecules.

Polymer: molecules composed of many monomers; macromolecules are polymers.​

The process of forming polymers from monomers is polymerization.​

​

2.3​

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​Macromolecules

Learning Target I: Identify the functions of the 4 groups of macromolecules

​ Success criteria:

• define the term carbohydrate

• explain the basic structure of carbohydrates

• explain how living things use carbohydrates

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​2.3 Carbon Compounds

​Macromolecules

• ​distinguish between simple sugars and complex carbohydrates

• explain how starches, cellulose, and glycogen are important to living things

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Definition:

Carbohydrate: compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the body

2.3​

• Sugars

• Starch

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

​2.3

​Carbohydrates include:

​

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio​

​2.3.

​Structure of carbohydrates

​

​

​Simple Sugars

Monosaccharides ("single" sugars)

• ​glucose- "blood" sugar

• fructose- fruit sugar

• galactose- milk sugar

​Disaccharides ("double" sugars)

• Sucrose: glucose + fructose

• Lactose: glucose + galactose

• Maltose: glucose + glucose​

​

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Table Sugar

Chemical formula:

​

C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O

glucose + fructose → sucrose + water

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Sucrose

​

​

Milk​ sugar

Chemical formula:

​

C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O

glucose + galactose → lactose + water

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Lactose

​

​

Starch sugar​

Chemical formula:

​

C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O

glucose + glucose → maltose + water

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Maltose

​

​

​Complex Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide: ("many" sugars)

• Glycogen

  • stored in the liver and muscle

• Starch

  • plant polysaccharide

    • ex. potato - corn starch

• Cellulose

  • polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall of plants

    • wood, paper

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Glycogen

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Starch

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Cellulose

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Cellulose

Multiple Choice

small, simple molecules- building blocks of macromolecules

• organic compound

• monomer

• polymer

• macromolecule

Multiple Choice

large polymers

• monomers

• polymers

• macromolecules

• monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

simple sugar that is a monomer of carbohydrates

• monosaccharide

• disaccharide

• polysaccharide`

• macromoleci;e

Multiple Choice

complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides

• carboydrate

• monosaccharide

• disaccharide

• polysaccharide

Multiple Choice

Animals store glucose as

• glycogen

• starch

• cellulose

• disaccharides

Multiple Choice

Which compound is composed of carbon and a ratio of hydrogen to oxygen of 2 to 1?

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• lipids

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates composed of 2 monosaccharides are

• monosaccharides

• disaccharides

• polysaccharides

• monomers

Multiple Choice

Plants store glucose in which of the following:

• glycogen

• starch

• monosaccharides

• disaccharides

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

• glucose

• fructose

• lactose

• galactose

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a disaccharide?

• maltose

• lactose

• sucrose

• glucose

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

• glycogen

• starch

• cellulose

• maltose

Multiple Choice

compounds resulting from the bonding of monomers

• monomers

• polymers

• monosaccharide

• disaccharide