Integumentary System A&P

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The Integumentary System

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The Integumentary System

• Derives its name from the Latin word

integumentum, which means to cover

• Skin is the largest organ system

– average adult wears 8-10 pounds of skin and

covers an area of 22 square feet

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Functions of the Integumentary

System

•Protection

covers the body and acts as a physical barrier

•Body Temperature Maintenance

contains sweat glands; secretes fluid (perspiration)

•Excretion

Flush waste with perspiration

•Perception of stimuli

contains large number of nerve endings

•Synthesizes vitamin D

Match

Match the following

• Proctection

• body temperature

• excretion

• stimuli

covers body and acts as a barrier

contains sweat glands

flushes the body of waste during perpiration

contains large nerve endings

• covers body and acts as a barrier

• contains sweat glands

• flushes the body of waste during perpiration

• contains large nerve endings

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The Integumentary System

• Is composed of the following:

– skin which is composed of three layers:

• epidermis
• dermis
• hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

– accessory structures which include:

• hair
• nails
• glands

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The Integumentary System

Layers of the Skin

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The Epidermis

• Is the thin, outermost layer of the skin and divided

into layers of epithelial tissue

• is divided into 4 different layers (5 in some areas)
• Provides the first barrier
• Contains several sub layers called strata (stratum)

Keratin: prevents body fluids from evaporating

• Soft keratin is the primary substance of the

epidermis; Hard keratin is found in hair and nails

Melanocytes: produce dark brown-to-black pigments called
melanin (helps protect skin against UV rays)

Most household dust is dead skin cells.
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The Epidermis

• Is composed of layers of thin, flattened cells

which fit closely together and are able to
with stand constant use and friction

• Has the ability to produce vitamin D

when exposed to UV sun radiation

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Multiple Choice

Produces dark brown-to-black pigments

• melanocytes

• keratin

• strata

• keratinocytes

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Match

Match the following

• Stratum Basal

• stratum spinosum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum corneum

composed of living cells

helps make your skin flexible and strong

Has granules

only found in the palms and soles

composed of dead flat cells

• composed of living cells

• helps make your skin flexible and strong

• Has granules

• only found in the palms and soles

• composed of dead flat cells

Multiple Choice

True or False: The entire process from when skin cells are formed in the stratum basal layer and pushed towards the stratum corneum takes about 1 week.

• true

• false

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The Dermis

• Is called the true skin or corium
• Is the layer beneath the epidermis
• made up of

– connective tissue

• collagen

– blood vessels
– nerves
– sebaceous gland
– sudoriferous glands
– hair follicles

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Subcutaneous Layer

• Lies beneath the dermis
• Is also known as the

hypodermic layer,

• Consists of loose connective tissue and

adipose tissue (fat) which insulates the body

• Anchors the skin to the underlying muscle

Match

Match the following

• epidermis

• dermis

• subcutaneous

top, thin layer

thick, middle layer

bottom layer

• top, thin layer

• thick, middle layer

• bottom layer