Biology Midterm Review Part 2

Midterm Review Part 2

Cell Transport

Biomolecules

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. The students placed an X for each structure that was viewed for each cell on the table shown. 

Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote?

• Cell W

• Cell X

• Cell Y

• Cell Z

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a difference between viruses and cells? 

• Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia

• Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce

• Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism? 

• The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule

• .

  The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand

Multiple Choice

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? 

• Mitosis

• G1 phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

Multiple Choice

In order for a cell to divide, its DNA (which exists in strands called chromatin) must condense down into chromosomes. This process occurs during which stage of Mitosis?

• prophase

• metaphase

• anaphase

• telophase

Passive High to Low

• Diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion

Active Low to High

• ATP energy

​

Cell Transport

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is correct for both of these processes?

• They are both protein synthesis processes.

• They are both passive transport processes.

• They are both cellular replication processes.

• They are both cellular metabolism processes.

Passive Transport moves high to low and does not use ATP

Multiple Choice

Based on the correct answer from Part A, which statement best supports your conclusion?

• Both processes use transport proteins within the cell membrane.

• Neither process expends cellular energy.

• Both processes involve the transport of water against the concentration gradient.

• Both processes use ATP to function correctly.

Passive Transport moves high to low and does not use ATP

Multiple Choice

A type of cellular transport is shown. 

Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?

• Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

• Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

Active Transport moves low to high and requires ATP

​Isotonic

• Same size

Hypotonic

• cell gets Larger

• water moves

Hypertonic

• cell gets Shrinks

• water moves out

​Cell Tonicity

Multiple Choice

What type of solution is this cell in?

• Isotonic

• Hypertonic

• Hypotonic

• diffused

Water moves into the cell- Hypotonic

Open Ended

Explain the differences between hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions in complete sentences.

Hypotonic- water moves into the cell

Hypertonic- water moves out of the cell

Isotonic- water movement is the same in and out

​Carbohydrates

• monosaccharides

• short term Energy

Nucleic acids

• Nucleotides

• Genetic material

Proteins

• Amino acids

• Function and building

Lipids

• Glycerol and fatty acids

• Long term Energy

​Biomolecules

Match

Match the following

Complete the statements below by choosing the correct biomolecule.

Biomolecules are substances that are produced by cells that have a variety of functions in our bodies.

• Glucose provides a quick energy source

• fats that store energy and

• composed of amino acids that build and repair muscle tissue

• DNA and RNA storage and expression of genetic information

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic Acid

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Proteins- function and building

Carbohydrates- short term energy

Lipids- long term energy

Nucleic acids- genetic material

Multiple Choice

Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals? 

• wax

• nucleic acid

• glucose

• chlorophyll

Glucose is a carbohydrate made by plants

Multiple Choice

An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits? 

• carbohydrates and lipids

• proteins and carbohydrates

• nucleic acids and carbohydrates

• lipids and nucleic acids

Proteins- function and building

Carbohydrates- short term energy

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However, on a gram-for-gram basis, lipids provide cells with more-

• nitrogen

• proteins

• energy

• structure

Replace this text with your title

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Speed up the rate of reactions

Lock and key model

• specific shape matches the substrate

Altered shape by a change in

• pH (acid or base concentrations)

• Temperature

​Enzymes

Drag and Drop

An experiment is performed to measure the effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Each group was assigned a different pH, and data was collected for 120 seconds. The amount of product formed (in mg) during the 120 seconds for each pH was measured and graphed as shown.

Select the the pH value where the enzyme rate of reaction is the highest. ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

8

0

2

4

6

10

12

Enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes? 

• The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme

• The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate

• The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed

• The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before

Enzymes have a lock and key model

Multiple Choice

Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study. Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph? 

• An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active

• An enzyme’s rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive

• An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions

• An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells

Enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH

​Producers (plants)

Versus

Consumers

​Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Multiple Select

Which of the following are the reactants for the Photosynthesis reaction?  Choose all that apply:

• $$H_2O$$

• $$CO_2$$

• $$C_6H_{12}O_6$$

• $$O_2$$

• $$NaOH$$

Multiple Choice

Which statement explains how producers are dependent upon consumers for their survival?

• Consumers supply oxygen for producers to undergo aerobic respiration

• Consumers produce carbon dioxide for producers to use during photosynthesis

• Consumers provide chemical energy needed by producers for cellular respiration

• Consumers make Latic acid that producers use in photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals? 

• glucose

• wax

Fill in the Blank

The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process.

Which other molecule is a product of this process?

Multiple Choice

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration? 

• Solar energy is needed for cellular respiration but not for photosynthesis

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for both cellular respiration and photosynthesis

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for photosynthesis, and solar energy is needed for cellular respiration

• Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration