Testing Properties of Materials

​DENSITY TEST

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Density is a measure of the mass per unit volume of a material. 

The sample material is weighed and the mass recorded. 

By placing the material in water, the water level rises. The change in water level is a measure of the material's volume. 

Density is calculated by dividing the mass of the material by its volume.

​HEAT TEST

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Heat conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through an object. 

Materials that are good at transferring thermal energy are called thermal conductors. 

Substances that are not good at transferring thermal energy are known as thermal insulators. 

The sample material is heated at one end. The increase in temperature at the other end measures how well the heat passes through the material.

MELTING POINT TEST

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The sample material is heated in a furnace to find find temperature at which material melts.

TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

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Strength is the ability to resist a force without breaking. The tensile strength of a material is a measure of the material's ability to resist breaking under tension. 

Tensile strength is measured by using a machine that applies a stretching force to a specimen of the material until it breaks. 

The greater the stretching force means the higher the tensile strength. 'Young's Modulus of show material strength, the bigger the number the stronger the material

IZOD IMPACT RESISTANCE TEST

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Izod Impact Resistance Test 

The Izod impact test uses a shearing force to determine the impact strength of materials. A pivoting arm is raised to a specific height (constant potential energy) and then released. The arm swings down hitting a notched sample, breaking the specimen. 

The Izod impact test shows how well a material resists a sudden shock or blow. The material is held and a swinging pendulum hits it. The difference in pendulum height before and after swinging through the sample is a measure of how much energy is needed to break the material.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST

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Electrical conduction is the ease at which electricity flows through a material. 

The material is used as a link in an electrical circuit and the current flow is measured. Electrical conductors pass electricity well, electrical insulators do not.

BRINELL HARDNESS TEST

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Hardness is a measure of a materials resistance to local deformation at the surface of the material. 

The sample material is placed under a small, very hard ball that is then pressed into the material. The size of the indentation determines the hardness. The smaller the dent, the harder the material, and the larger the Brinell number.

COMPRESSION TEST

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Compressive testing shows how the material will react when it is being compressed. Compression testing is able to determine the material's behavior or response under crushing loads and to measure the plastic flow behavior and ductile fracture limits of a material.

Multiple Choice

An engineer is measuring applied force and the extension of a sample. Which test are they likely to be conducting?

• Tensile test

• Electrical conductivity test

• Hardness test

• Compression test

Multiple Choice

In a compression test, it is better to make the length less than three times the diameter in order to avoid buckling." 

Is this statement true or false?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which property of a material is measured in a bending test?

• Creep

• Ductility

• Strength 

• Hardness 

Multiple Choice

Which type of test is carried out on material when using a shearing force?

• A Tensile strength test

• A Brinell hardness test

• An Izod impact test

Multiple Choice

In a Brinell hardness test, an indent is produced in the material. What 

characteristic of the indent is used to measure the hardness? 

• Surface area

• Depth

• Width

• Angle

Multiple Choice

Which test could involve punching a hole in a material?

• Tensile test

• Bending test

• Hardness test

• Shear test

Multiple Choice

One material far exceeds all others when tested for compressive strength. Which one of these material would that be? 

• Hardwood

• Steel

• Nylon

• Ceramic 

• Fiber Glass