Biomolecules

Biomolecules

What are they good for?

Biomolecules

●Compounds that contain carbon and are also called “organic.”

●Macromolecules are large organic molecules; are also called “polymers.”

●Polymers are made up of smaller building blocks called monomers.

●
●Examples: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

In other words Biomolecules are:

●Polymers

●Carbon Compounds

●Organic Compounds

●Macromolecules

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic acids

4 Types of

Organic Compounds

Biomolecules

are made of the elements, which all living things

are made of.

C - Carbon

H - Hydrogen

O - Oxygen

N - Nitrogen

P - Phosphorus

S - Sulfur

C H O N P S

*most abundant element

Macromolecules are broken by:

Macromolecules are formed by:

Hydrolysis

***ADDING WATER

Dehydration

***REMOVING WATER

monomer

monomer

monomer

monomer

polymer

polymer

*also called Condensation Reaction

Hydro= water
lysis= break apart

Dehydrate= lose water

Carbohydrates

Made up of monomers called MONOSACCHARIDES

Elements: CHO

Body’s main source of energy = Quick Energy

Examples:Sugars, Starches, Glucose, Cellulose, Glycogen

Carbohydrates

Types of Sugars

Monosaccharide (simple sugars)

Ex: glucose, fructose

Disaccharides (two simple sugars)

Ex: maltose, galactose

Polysaccharides (many monosaccharides)

Ex: potatoes, pasta, bread

Typically end in -ose

Proteins

Made up of monomers called AMINO ACIDS

Elements: CHON

Growth & repair

Fight diseases

Control Chemical Reactions (enzymes)

Examples: Enzymes, hemoglobin (RBC’s), actin and myosin
(muscles)

Proteins

Lipids

Lipids are not “true polymers”
Made up of GLYCEROL & FATTY ACIDS
Elements: CH & O

Long term energy storage

Insulation and structures of cell membranes

Examples: Fats, Oils, Phospholipids, some hormones

Ex: oils, olive oil
Liquids at room temperature

Ex: butter, lard, grease
Solid at room temperature

Nucleic Acids

Made up of monomers called NUCLEOTIDES

Store cellular information in the form of a
code and aid in Protein synthesis.

Examples

■ DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

■ RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

■ ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Nutrition Facts

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