Transcription

Transcription

the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA​

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Pairs of Chromosomes are found in the ​

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.

​

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are made up of DNA, the hereditary material in humans and most other organisms.

The hereditary information in DNA is stored as a code of four ​

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.

Specific sections of the DNA are called ​

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.

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Nucleus

Chromosomes

nitrogen bases

genes

Multiple Choice

Which numbered pair of chromosomes in the karyotype above shows the sex of this person?

• 1

• 4

• 21

• 23

Know the process of transcription and how DNA is transcribed into RNA.

​I Will...

Identify and discuss the steps of transcription

​We Will...

The Win for the Day

​Remember: Location is Key

• Eukaryotic cells: Transcription occurs in the nucleus

• Prokaryotic Cells: all processes happen in the cytoplasm

​Central Dogma of Biology: theory that genetic info. flows in one direction (linear)

​DNA: universal language

RNA: language of proteins (translates)

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​

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in cells act as ​

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and help determine ​

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of an organism such as different shapes, sizes, colors, and other features.

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Proteins

messengers

traits

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To make a ​

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, a gene's DNA sequence is ​

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to a strand of ​

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. RNA is ​

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into chains of ​

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by ribosomes, and a protein is formed.

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protein

transcribed

RNA

translated

amino acids

Open Ended

The  Central Dogma of Biology is a theory (a statement of explanation based on observation) stating that genetics flows in one direction. But how or what could disprove this theory?

Know the process of transcription and how DNA is transcribed into RNA.

​I Will...

Identify and discuss the steps of transcription

​We Will...

The Win for the Day

​https://youtu.be/kHlgG035Id8

​RNA Polymerase = DNA Polymerase

• enzyme that binds the nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule

• enzyme unwinds DNA and exposes a sequence of nitrogen bases

• enzyme recognizes start site of a gene

​(done by RNA polymerase)

​3 major types of RNA produced:

1. mRNA (messenger): intermediate message that translated to form a protein

2. rRNA (ribosomal): forms part of ribosomes, cell's protein factories

3. tRNA (transfer): brings amino acids from cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make growing protein

​ A - U

T - A

G - C

C - G

A - U

T - A

G - C

C - G

​DNA

​RNA

​In Your Groups...

Teaming up with the partner across from you or next to you, you will take turns completing the complementary base pairing of the RNA strand. Partner one will go first, after completing the sequence partner two will review the sequence and correct if needed. Then, when prompted, Partner two will complete a new sequence. Partner one will review the sequence and correct if needed.

​ A U G A U C U C G U A A

​A U G A U U G A C A U U G A G G A U C C A U

​exits through nuclear envelope/ nuclear pores

​nuclear pore

​nuclear envelope

Open Ended

After learning transcription and having prior knowledge of DNA replication, in what ways are these processes similar?

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​

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: forms part of ribosomes, cell's protein factories

​ ​

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: brings amino acids from cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make growing proteins.

​

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: intermediate message that is translated to form a protein

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rRNA

tRNA

mRNA