Medieval Times Test Review

Geo, Political, Economic, & Social Structures of Medieval Times

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

Feudalism

Origins of Feudalism

The system had its roots in the Roman manorial system (in which workers were compensated with protection while living on large estates) and in the 8th century kingdom of the Franks where a king gave out land for life (benefice) to reward loyal nobles and receive service in return. The coined word feudal derives from an ancient Gothic source faihu signifying simply "property" which in its most basic sense was "cattle" and is a cognate of the classical Latin word pecus, which means both "cattle", "money" and "power"

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Corpus Juris Civilis

Code of Justinian, Latin Codex Justinianus, formally Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”), collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I from 529 to 565 ce. In the West, Justinian's Codex was largely lost, or in many places never present, due to the limited western extent of the Byzantine territories. The Latin version known today was painstakingly restored over many centuries. The only known manuscript that once contained the entire Latin Codex is a Veronese palimpsest of the 6th or 7th century; it is now only fragments. Within its home in the Byzantine Empire, the code was translated into Greek, which had become the governing language, and adapted, in the 9th century as the Basilika. It appears as if the Latin Code was shortened in the Middle Ages into an "Epitome Codex", with inscriptions being dropped and numerous other changes made. Some time in the 8th or 9th century, the last three books of the Code were separated from the others, and many other laws in the first nine books, including all of those written in Greek, were dropped. Substantially complete versions of Justinian's Codex were restored around the end of the 12th century, and the humanists of the 16th century added the laws originally promulgated in Greek.Paul Krüger created the modern, standard version of the Codex in 1877.

​Since the end of World War I, however, most European monarchies have been abolished. There remain, as of 2022, twelve sovereign monarchies in Europe. Seven are kingdoms: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, and Belgium. A Monarchy was the most common form of government up until the 19th century.

Modern day Monarchy still exists. An example Saudi Arabia is a monarchy based on Islam. The government is headed by the King, who is also the commander in chief of the military. The King appoints a Crown Prince to help him with his duties. The Crown Prince is second in line to the throne.

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Multiple Choice

A society ordered around relationships derived from the holding of land during the MIddle Ages is called?

• Manorism

• Feudalism

Multiple Choice

The word feudal derives from an ancient Gothic source means?

• Relationships

• Property

• Land

Multiple Choice

In the feudal system, only one individual owned the land who was the?

• King

• Lord

• Vassal

Multiple Choice

In the feudal system, a tenant could not be granted land until he was first made a?

• Lord

• Vassal

• Bishop

Multiple Choice

From 529 to 534, Justinian I issued a body of civil law called?

• The Corpus Juris

• Justinian Law

• Monarchy

Multiple Choice

A form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in a single individual is called?

• Democracy

• Monarchy

• Feudalism

Multiple Choice

. The most common form of government up until the 19th century was?

• Socialism

• Communism

• Monarchy

Multiple Choice

An example of a modern day monarchy is?

• England

• Saudi Arabia