Preparation for DMA Test Questions

Quiz #3
(1st and 2nd Qtr Bio Standards)
Genetics Lessons

Quarter 1 and Quarter 2 Standards

Match

Bellringer

Match the following words above to the given words below.

Note: These are what we had discussed from Quarter 1 and Quarter 2 standards

• Properties of Water

• Macromolecules

• Human Reproduction

• Complex Mode of Inheritance

• Meiosis

High specific heat

Nucleic Acids

Fallopian Tube

Codominant

Crossing Over

• High specific heat

• Nucleic Acids

• Fallopian Tube

• Codominant

• Crossing Over

Today's Agenda

Quiz #3
Genetics Lesson

Some text here about the topic of discussion

These are what we had covered from Quarter 1

​

Please use your notes to recall.

Quarter 1 Standards

These are what we had covered from Quarter 2

​

Please use your notes to recall.

Quarter 2 Standards

Multiple Choice

L.18.12 Properties of Water

Sea ice forms around Antarctica every year during winter and recedes during the summer. However, flora (plant life) and fauna (wildlife) survive year-round near the shores of Antarctica. What property of water allows the flora near the shores of Antarctica to survive during the winter months?

• cohesive behavior

• high specific heat

• universal solvent

• expansion upon freezing

Multiple Choice

L.18.1 Macromolecules

Mia and Raphael are discussing the ketogenic diet, also known as Keto, as a way of losing weight.  Using the Keto method depends on changing the proportions of nutrient macromolecules that are eaten daily to adjust energy metabolism.  Which group of macromolecules can be affected by Keto eating choices, and is used for long term storage plus happens to be insoluble in water?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

Multiple Choice

L.18.1 Macromolecules

Juanita is studying her notes from Biology class and using them to complete a graphic organizer chart that her teacher gave the class for homework.  She needs to sort a group of structures into the correct category of macromolecules.  Which structure shows a subunit of a carbohydrate?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

Multiple Choice

L.18.1 Macromolecules

IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome, is an incurable inflammatory digestive system disease that causes great discomfort for its sufferers.  Although research has not yet shown to support the use of certain supplements for IBS treatment, some people whose IBS is triggered by dairy products have found relief by taking a lactase supplement.  What type of macromolecule is lactase?

• carbohydrates

• lipid

• nucleic acid

• protein

Multiple Choice

L.18.11 Enzymes

Which one of the graphs below show how enzyme activity is affected by increasing the amount of enzyme that is added to a reaction?

• carbohydrates

• lipid

• nucleic acid

• protein

Multiple Choice

L.16.3 DNA Replication

The diagram below shows a molecule of DNA undergoing replication.

Which strands are the new strands replicated in the nucleus of the DNA?

• 1 and 2

• 1 and 4

• 2 and 3

• 2 and 4

Multiple Choice

L.14.1 Cell Theory

In 1859, French chemist Louis Pasteur placed sterile nutrient broth in two different flasks. He allowed both to come into contact with air. However, one flask was designed to prevent any particles in the air from reaching the broth. Pasteur then observed that growth only occurred in Flask 1 and NOT in Flask 2.

In terms of today’s modern cell theory, what did Pasteur prove?

• All cells come from the reproduction of previously existing cells.

• Viruses that are smaller than bacteria cannot reproduce apart from cells

• Cells contain hereditary information that is passed on through cell division

• Spontaneous generation of cells occurs when substances are exposed to air.

Multiple Choice

L.14.2 Cell Membrane

In Culinary class, Jennifer reads a recipe that needs wilted spinach and decides to use salt to prepare the leaves.  She places the spinach in a solution of 8% salt, which causes the plant cells to shrink since they normally have an internal salt concentration of 0.9% salt.  Which statement best explains why the cells shrink?

• Salt causes the cell membrane to swell and absorb water from the cytoplasm.

• Salt moves from the 8% salt solution into the cell and chemically binds with water.

• Water moves from the cell through the cell membrane to an area of lower water concentration.

• Spontaneous generation of cells occurs when substances are exposed to air.Water moves from a lower concentration of water in cells’ cytoplasm into the nucleus and cell organelles.

Multiple Choice

L.14.3 Cells (Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic

Joe is studying a cell through a microscope. He knows the cell must be a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following would indicate that the cell is in fact a eukaryotic cell

• Ribosomes

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

• Lysosomes

Multiple Choice

L.14.2 Cell Membrane

Glucose moves through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion as shown in the figure below.  Signals in the nervous system can be chemical or can use active transport to communicate between the brain and targeted areas of the body.

• Facilitated diffusion uses ATP and requires a carrier protein.

• Active transport uses ATP and does not require a carrier protein

• Active transport uses ATP and moves substances against the concentration gradient.

• Facilitated diffusion uses ATP and moves substances with the concentration gradient.

Multiple Choice

L.14.4 Cell Theory and Microscope

You are learning about mimicry in entomology. Which microscope would be best to look at the wings of two different butterflies to determine which is a Monarch Butterfly and which is a Viceroy Butterfly?

• compound microscope

• dissection microscope.

• scanning election microscope

• transmission election microscope

Multiple Choice

L.18.9 and L.18.7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Mitochondrial myopathy is a type of disease that affects the mitochondria of cells. This type of disease decreases the activity of the enzymes in the mitochondria. Which of the following would be the most direct result of this decreased activity?

• The cells produce more ATP through cellular respiration, the body will produce more CO2 as one exhales providing more fuel for photosynthesis.

• The cells produce more sugars by photosynthesis allowing the body to create more ATP that will aid the body in cellular respiration.

• The cells produce less ATP through cellular respiration, the body will produce less CO2 as one exhales providing more fuel for photosynthesis.

• The cells produce less sugars by photosynthesis allowing the body to create less ATP that will aid the body in cellular respiration.

Multiple Choice

L.14.7 Plants

Vacuoles are found in both animal and plant cells, but they have different functions in each of the two cell types.  Animal cells have many small vacuoles, while most plant cells have only one large vacuole as shown below. 

Which of these descriptions represents the function of vacuoles in the plant cell?

• storage of water

• production of ATP

• synthesis of proteins.

• neutralizing cellular waste

Multiple Choice

L.14.7 Plants

Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. During a microscope lab in his histology class Dewayne comes across a slide labeled; transverse section of a stem. The diagram below is what he sees.

Which of the follow identifies the type of tissue organ X is made of and a physiological process it is involved in?

• Meristematic tissue, which protects the plant and aids in transpiration.

• Dermal tissue, which protects the plant and aids in growth and reproduction

• Dermal tissue, which continuously form a number of new cells and aids in transpiration

• Meristematic tissue, which continuously form a number of new cells and aids in growth and reproduction.

Multiple Choice

L.14.7 Plants

Adapted from https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-vascular-and-vs-nonvascular-plants/

 

Vascular plants are higher plants that have true stems, roots, and leaves. Furthermore, they have a vascular system to transport nutrients, water, and minerals throughout the plant. Vascular plants are the higher plants that belong to the plant group Tracheophyta, and include corn and other grains, angiosperms (flowering plants), and ferns.  In contrast, nonvascular plants are lower plants which do not have a vascular system. Therefore, this is the key difference between vascular and nonvascular plants. Furthermore, nonvascular plants lack true stems, roots, and leaves. Another difference between vascular and nonvascular plants is that the vascular plants can live in any harsh environmental conditions while the nonvascular plants need water to complete their life cycles.  Examples of nonvascular plants are liverwort, moss, and algae.

 

Based on the information in the paragraph, vascular plants have structures to generate more plant complexity when compared to nonvascular plants.  Which vascular plant organ is most dependent on surface area to carry out its function?

• flower

• fruit

• leaf

• stem

Multiple Choice

L.16.8Cell Cycle (Cancer and Mutation)

Which cells will most likely display mutations that could potentially result in cancer?

• Cells that fail to divide

• Cells that lack contact inhibition

• cells that change into different types of cells

• Cells that change the number of their chromosomes

Multiple Choice

L.16.14 Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is an important process for all living things. An Emperor Dragonfly is undergoing mitosis. Emperor Dragonflies have 13 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be in the daughter cells formed at the end of mitosis?

• 13 chromosomes

• 26 chromosomes

• 13 chromatids

• 26 chromatids

Multiple Choice

L.16.13 Human Reproduction

The diagram below shows the parts of the human male reproductive system.

What is the function of the vas deferens?

• semen transport

• sperm production

• temperature regulation

• waste elimination

Multiple Choice

L.16.13 Human Reproduction Pregnancy

Doctors and embryologists group embryonic development into trimesters. Each list below shows development during one trimester, though the lists are not in chronological order.

1. Eyes open and close, lung development

2. Fingernails, taste buds, swallowing

3. Eyelids, make fists, responds to sound

In which trimester do each of the lists correspond?

• First trimester = 3, Second trimester = 1, Third trimester = 2

• First trimester = 3, Second trimester = 2, Third trimester = 1

• First trimester = 2, Second trimester = 1, Third trimester = 3

• First trimester = 2, Second trimester = 3, Third trimester = 1

Multiple Choice

L.16.13 Human Reproduction

The diagram below the structure of a human female reproductive system

 

Which structure from the diagram shows where the placenta will bind to provided nutrients to the fetus?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

L.16.10 Biotechnology

Adapted from https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-01186-6/d41586-021-01186-6.pdf

 

After a decade of fighting for regulatory approval and public acceptance, Oxitec, a biotechnology firm based in the United Kingdom, has released genetically engineered mosquitoes into the open air in the United States for the first time. The experiment, which was launched this week in the Florida Keys — over the objections of some local critics — tests a method for suppressing populations of wild Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which can carry diseases such as Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Oxitec has previously field-tested the insects in Brazil, Panama, the Cayman Islands and Malaysia. 

Aedes aegypti makes up about 4% of the mosquito population in the Keys, a chain of tropical islands off the southern tip of Florida. But it is responsible for almost all mosquito-borne disease transmitted to humans in the region, according to the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD), which is working closely with Oxitec on the project. Researchers and technicians will release bioengineered male A. aegypti mosquitoes, which don’t bite, to mate with the wild female population, who are mosquitos responsible for biting prey and transmitting disease. The genetically engineered males carry a gene that passes to their offspring and kills female progeny in early larval stages. Male offspring won’t die, but instead will become carriers of the gene and pass it to future generations. As more females die, the A. aegypti population should dwindle.

The FKMCD approached Oxitec in 2010 about testing its approach in the Keys, because Florida was — and still is — experiencing an increase in mosquito-borne disease. In 2009, the state began seeing cases of locally trans-mitted dengue, and, a few years later, locally transmitted Zika.  Genetically engineered mosquitoes are an alternative to insecticides, which are used heavily in the United States to control insect populations. This has resulted in the evolution of mosquitoes that are resistant to insecticides.

The biotech firm plans to present the results to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which gave the green light for the trial. The data will help the EPA to determine whether Oxitec can release the mosquitoes more broadly in the United States. The company is still testing them in the experiments by spraying insecticides near the release points. 

Public concern is either strongly in favor or strongly opposed to the release of genetically engineered mosquitos.  Many of the concerns stem from the uncertainty of a new technology, says Kofler, who has been following this project for years. Oxitec has been engaging with the Florida Keys community to provide answers to queries. It explained, for instance, the very low likelihood that female mosquitoes with the lethal gene could reproduce. But many people don’t have confidence in what they’re hearing, because it’s coming from a company, says Kofler.

Based on the information in the article, what are some potential negative consequences?

• an increase in the use of pesticides

• a decrease in the genetic diversity of insects

• an increase in the rate of disease transmitted by mosquitoes

• a decrease in the contamination of the Florida’s soil and water

Multiple Choice

Biotechnology

One approach to reducing world hunger is to increase the yield of crops grown per acre of land.  At the same time, many consumers are interested in organic foods to support a healthier lifestyle.  Organic fertilizers that are classified as high-efficiency products can increase crop yield and protect the environment.  As an individual organic farmer considers her options, which statement is both scientifically valid and unbiased? 

• A spokesperson for company X states that the company's organic fertilizer will produce 30% more fruit than other fertilizer brands. 

• A neighboring farmer claims that he makes his own organic fertilizer that results in trees producing 60% more fruit than other fertilizers on the market.

• A researcher with an organic fertilizer company says the company's new product results in trees that produce 45% more fruit in a shorter period of time than without the fertilizer.

• A nonprofit research company performed repeated investigations on different organic fertilizers and determined that fruit trees fertilized with brand Z grew 25% more fruit than other brands

Multiple Choice

Cell Theory

Once glucose is taken into a eukaryotic cell, cellular respiration depends on over 20 metabolic reactions.  However, when biologists use the overall balanced equation of the breakdown of glucose by eukaryotes, the process follows the Law of Conservation of Mass.  Which statement best describes a difference between this law and a theory (for example, cell theory)? 

• Cell theory cannot be changed, while the Law of Conservation of Mass can.

• Cell theory relies on a mathematical expression, while the Law of Conservation of Mass does not. 

• The Law of Conservation of Mass is based on the findings of certain theories, while Cell theory does not have much rational support

• The Law of Conservation of Mass predicts how matter behaves in our natural world, while Cell theory logically explains common cellular characteristics.