Before Darwin Build Up to Evolution

Build-up to
Evolution

FRANKS

Multiple Choice

Evolution in biology can best be defined as...

• All life is in a constant stage of flux.

• mutations over time

• animals and plants changing during their lives

• change over time

The Scientists behind
Darwin

 In this presentation you will learn about the

main scientists that precede Darwin, but
facilitate his ability to discover one of the
most famous published works in Human
history:

 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

 Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)

 James Hutton (1726-1797)

 Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

 Alfred Wallace (1823-1913)

Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek

 Invented the first microscope

 The first person to observe and begin to classify

the microbiological word.

 Named this organisms animacules

 Today we know them as:

 Bacteria

 Protists

 Algae

 Virus

 Fungi

 This was a fundamental step because future

scientists would be able to explore a world
which was previously unknown.

Carl Linnaeus

 Establishes the modern system in which all organisms

are classified. Taxomony

 Every species was given a Genus and Species

name.

 Binomial Nomenclature

 Organisms were classified based on their similar

characteristics and designated a Genus (upper-case)
and a Species (lower-case) taxonomic name

 White Rhino: Ceratotherium simun

 Saguaro Cactus: Carnegiea gigantea

 This system universalized the naming of all biodiversity

Chagos Clown Fish

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Actinopterygii

Order

Pomacentridae

Genus

Amphiprion

Species

chagosensis

James Hutton

 First Scientist to question the long-held belief that

the Earth was in fact ~6000 years old

Charles Lyell

 Uniformitarianism

 “The present is the key to the past”

 Deep Time

 Processes like erosion are shaping

the Earth over millions of years

 The Geological Time Scale

 Lyell’s work was given to Darwin

before his voyage and strongly
influenced his interpretation.

 When Darwin returned they would

become life-long friends.

Alfred Russell Wallace

 Father of Biogeography

 Interested in the geographic

distribution of species

 Worked in the Amazon Rainforest

 Worked in Indonesian Archipelago

 The Wallace Line

 Co-discovered Natural Selection

with Darwin (though 30 years later)

 Stimulates Darwin to publish his work

The Origin of Species (1859).

Match

Match the following

Antonie van

Leeuwenhoek

Carl Linnaeus

James Hutton

Charles Lyell

Alfred Wallace

• Antonie van

  Leeuwenhoek

• Carl Linnaeus

• James Hutton

• Charles Lyell

• Alfred Wallace

Match

Match the following

Opened up the world of microbes

Developed modern system of Taxonomy

Questioned the 6,000 year age if Earth

GTS, Deep Time, and Uniformitarianism

Independently discovers Natural Selection about 30 years after Darwin

• Opened up the world of microbes

• Developed modern system of Taxonomy

• Questioned the 6,000 year age if Earth

• GTS, Deep Time, and Uniformitarianism

• Independently discovers Natural Selection about 30 years after Darwin