Lesson 9.2: Social Characteristics of Europe

●The first major empires to developed the European culture
were the ancient Greek and the ancient Roman Empires.

○Greek (400-300 BC) - laid the foundation of
European government and culture.

■Athens - Greek city-state introduced the idea
of democracy.

○Roman (27 BC - 500 AD) - expanded the Geek
culture and established Christianity = largest
religion today (Catholicism)

■Introduced latin (language), and new
engineering and architecture techniques

Multiple Choice

Which empire laid the groundwork for government in modern Europe?

• German Empire

• Ottoman Empire

• Greek Empire

• Aztec Empire

Multiple Choice

Which empire laid the groundwork for religion in modern Europe?

• German Empire

• Ottoman Empire

• Greek Empire

• Roman Empire

Multiple Choice

What factor contributed to the spread of Christianity in Europe?

• The Black Death

• Building of monasteries

• Building of roads

• Decline of trade routes

●Age of European expansion and reformation of
culture.

●After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was
divided into smaller kingdoms (Monarchies).

○Led to Feudal Societies

■A system where a monarch rules
with absolute power. The land is
owned by the king, but managed
by the lords and nobles in return
for their loyalty. At the bottom of
the system were the peasants or
serfs who worked the land.

Dropdown

The Medieval Period was an era of European

Select answer

and ​

Select answer

of culture.

Multiple Choice

During the Middle Ages Europe transitioned into individual kingdoms. Which form of government were created?

• Democracies

• Oligarchies

• Monarchies

Open Ended

Looking at the Feudal System, which level do you think was the most important and why?

● Christianity was the dominant religion

○The Catholic Church became a dominant religious, political and economic institution.

Multiple Choice

What was the dominant religion in Europe?

• Islam

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Christianity

●Black Death - Global epidemic that struck
Europe in mid-1300’s
○Killed over 20 million people in Europe (1/3 of the population).

○Catholic church led targeted ethnic
persecutions.

Multiple Choice

What percentage of Europeans died within 4 years of the plague?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

The Black Death killed almost 25 million people. Was this a social or economic impact?

• social

• economic

• both

Multiple Choice

How was the Black Death able to spread across Europe and Asia so quickly?

• Trade routes (ships and wagons)

• Cheap Easyjet flights

• Carried by birds

• The movement of armies as they travelled on Crusade

●Era known as the “rebirth” of Europe =
Period of scientific, artistic, religious,
political and economic rediscovery

○ Printing press - invention that spread communication and ideas more quickly throughout Europe

○ Art and science became a significant movement through valuable paintings and
architecture.

Multiple Choice

The word “Renaissance” is a French term meaning?

• "New Day"

• "Rebirth"

• "Overcome"

Multiple Choice

During this time period, Europe had a rebirth in...

• Art, writing, architecture, learning,

  and culture.

• healthcare

• sports and education

• the paleolithic era

Multiple Choice

Which invention helped spread Renaissance ideas more quickly as books and pamphlets were produces faster?

• The church

• pencil

• Printing Press

Multiple Choice

Which elements of culture were greatly influenced during the Renaissance period?

• Economy

• Art

• Science

• Customs

• All elements as European culture saw some form of change.

● Protestant Reformation - religious protest, led by Martin
Luther, that limited the influence of the Catholic church.

○ Led to the branching of Christianity = Lutherans,
Methodists, Baptists, Anglicans, Pentecostals, etc.

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the religious revolution that challenged the Catholic church?

• The Protestant Reformation

• Salem Witch Trials

• The Crusades

• The Olympics

Multiple Choice

During this time, many people in Europe felt that the Catholic church was too concerned with...

• money & power

• building Vatican City

• food

• the eruption of the Black Death

Multiple Choice

Many were angry that the Catholic church was selling...

• Indulgences (accepting money to forgive people's sins)

• Printers

• Cookies

• Artwork

● Age of Exploration - Era where
european empires would claim land
in America, Africa and Asia =
colonization.

What was the Columbian Exchange again?

• The Columbian Exchange was a trade route across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and North/South America.

• It began after the travels of Christopher Columbus to the Americas.

Multiple Choice

The Columbian Exchange began after which event?

• The settling of Columbia, South Carolina

• The Coronation of Queen Columbia of Spain

• The journeys of Christopher Columbus

• The closing of the Silk Road

Multiple Choice

How did the Columbian Exchange affect the world food supply?

• Many people starved in famines.

• New food types spread around the globe, increasing variety and supply.

• New plant diseases killed off many American plants.

• Europeans did not adopt many American plants.

The Positive Effects

• Increased Food Supply

• New Technology/Ideas

• More Varied Diet

The Negative Effects of the Columbian Exchange

• Colonization

• Work camps

• Disease

• Slavery

Open Ended

From what you learned, were the effects of the Columbian Exchange more positive or negative?

● Age of Enlightenment - Era of
political reformation that would give
birth to democratic ideas and other
forms of government.

John Locke

Charles Montesquieu

The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that dominated in Europe during the 17th and 18th century. The Philosophic Movement advocated for a society based upon reason rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and observation.

Multiple Choice

When and where did the Enlightenment take place?

• in Europe (with a strong emphasis on France) during the late 17th and the 18th centuries.

• in Asia (with a strong emphasis on Japan) during the late 17th and the 18th centuries.

• in Africa (with a strong emphasis on Morroco) during the late 17th and the 18th centuries

Multiple Choice

What was a significant outcome of the Enlightenment era?

• Rise of democratic governments

• transition from monarchies to theocracies

• Transition of self-ruled states.

• Rise of imperialism

●Started with the Industrial Revolution

○Beginning in Britain it was the period of
scientific and technological development
that transformed agrarian (rural) societies
into industrial (urban) societies.

■Development of large cities

○Led to the development of modern
capitalism

○Steam engine - invention that led the
industrial revolution (factories = industrial
machinery)

Multiple Choice

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

• The United States

• England

• France

• Germany

Multiple Choice

This invention turned rivers into busy routes for traders and travelers.

• Railroads

• Steamboat

• Telegraph

• Mechanical Reaper

Multiple Choice

Which of these involves a group of people moving from one place to another?

• Migration

• Emigration

• Urbanization

Multiple Choice

Industry

• The use of machines to manufacture goods on a large scale

• Rapid and dramatic change

• Materials used to make other materials,

  e.g. wood, wool and coal.

Multiple Select

Industrial Revolution marked the movement for most people from .........

• the cities where they earned a small wage in the factories or mines to the countryside and an agricultural way.

• the countryside and an agricultural way of life to the cities where they earned a small wage in the factories or mines.

Multiple Select

the increase of the size and number of cities in Great Britain and the US.

• urbanization

• slums

• Industrial Revolution

●Colonial Conflicts and Independence

○American Revolution - led the path to
colonial independence in the Americas

■Great Britain, France and Spain all lost
control of land

Multiple Choice

Which movement led the way for many colonial independence in the Americas?

• French Revolution

• American Revolution

• Bolshevik Revolution

• Industrial Revolution

World War I
●1914 - 1918 = First global conflict that began in
Balkan peninsula (Austria-Hungary vs Serbia)

●M.A.I.N. motives
○ Militarism - building of armies (For national defense)

○Alliances - agreements to help or defend one another (Cultural alliances)

○Imperialism - building of empires; countries that control other countries (Cultural diffusion)

○Nationalism - having pride towards one’s country (Cultural identity)

World War II
●1939 - 1945 = second global conflict that resulted
from the effects and policies of WWI.

●Germany - led a mass genocide against jewish
people = Holocaust

●After the war, Germany was split into East and
West = causing a cultural effect in Europe

○Russia controlled the east

○Allies (U.S., Britain, France) controlled the
west

○A new world culture emerged = Capitalism
vs. Communism

Multiple Choice

Which conflict occurred from 1914 - 1918?

• Cold War

• The Crusades

• World War I

• World War II

Multiple Choice

Which conflict occurred from 1939 - 1945?

• Cold War

• The Crusades

• World War I

• World War II

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best defines "The belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests."?

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

Multiple Choice

What is a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation?

• Imperialism

• Alliance

• Nationalism

• Militarism

Multiple Choice

The event in which a mass genocide was performed on the Jewish population in Europe is called the --

• Exodus

• Massive Incarciration

• Holocaust

• Jewish Genocide

Multiple Choice

What was the most significant effect of World War II?

• Led to economic, political, and social division of East and Western Europe.

• Massive Incarcerations of German citizens.

• France became a world power.

• Mass execution of British soldiers.

Multiple Choice

What happened to Germany after the war?

• All of Germany's land was given to Poland

• It was divided into four zones, one for each WWII victor

• It was granted full and immediate independence

• All of the above

Cold War
●1945 - 1991

●Russia aka USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics) or the Soviet Union promotes
communist ideologies throughout eastern Europe

●Russia emerges as a global superpower.

●Great Britain and the U.S. become the leaders of
democracy and capitalism across western Europe.

●1991 the Soviet Union collapses (falls apart) =
Cold War ends

Multiple Choice

What was the Cold War?

• The deadliest war in World History

• A period of intense confrontation and competition

• The American War on terror

• A period of intense isolation and silence across the world

Multiple Choice

Which two countries emerged as world superpowers after WWII?

• France & Great Britain

• The US & Great Britain

• The US & Soviets

• Japan & the Soviets

Multiple Choice

The main source of conflict between the US & Soviets was...

• Money

• Land

• Communism and capitalism

• Science