Respiratory System Day 2 Patho

Pathophysiology

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

Chapter 13

A&P
03

●warm, moisten and filter incoming air

●receive olfactory stimuli (smell)

●modify speech sounds

Cilia

●Tiny hairlike structures in the nasal
cavity

○Traps dirt and pathogens

The Nose

PHARYNX

●Common passageway for both food and air

●Houses the tonsils, which help to eliminate
foreign particles

●Is divided into three sections:

○Nasopharynx

■connects the nose to the pharynx

■contains the adenoids which are a
collection of lymphatic tissue

○Oropharynx

■lies in the back of the throat

■contain the tonsils

○Laryngopharynx

■connects the esophagus to the
larynx

■passageway for food and air

Multiple Choice

The function of cilia is

• trap dirt and pathogens

• To provide structural support for cells

• To secrete hormones

• To act as a sensory organ

Match

Match the following

• nasopharynx

• oropharynx

• laryngopharynx

• pharynx

connects the nose to the pharynx

lies in the back of the throat; contains tonsils

connects esophagus to the larynx

common passageway for both food and air

• connects the nose to the pharynx

• lies in the back of the throat; contains tonsils

• connects esophagus to the larynx

• common passageway for both food and air

Sinuses

●Cavities in the skull

●Contains mucous membranes
that warms and humidifies the
air

●Voice

●Is a short passage which
connects the pharynx and
the trachea

●Is known as the voice box

Larynx

Epiglottis

●Prevents food and liquids from
entering the lungs

●Closes off trachea during swallowing

●Opens during inspiration

Multiple Choice

Another name for the voice box is

• larynx

• pharynx

• Vocal tract

• Vocal folds

Multiple Choice

The main function of the epiglottis is

• Prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs

• Produce a large amount of saliva

• Control the rate of breathing

• Regulate the temperature of the body

Trachea

●tubular passage which extends from
the larynx to the fifth thoracic
vertebrae where it divides into the
primary bronchi

●composed of 16 to 20 C-shaped
rings of cartilage

●Ends at the carina, an internal ridge
where it divides into the right and
left bronchi

​Ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells lining the trachea.

Bronchial Tubes

●Consist of right and left bronchioles

●Can be primary, secondary
or tertiary

Alveoli

●Where gas exchange occurs

Multiple Choice

The trachea is surrounded by how many C-shaped rings of cartilage?

• 16-20

• 4-10

• 8-12

• 10-15

Multiple Choice

Gas exchange occurs here

• alveoli

• bronchial tubes

• epiglottis

• trachea

Lungs

●Are the essential respiration
organs

●Are a pair of cone shaped
organs in the thoracic cavity

●Inflate and deflate as

●respiration occurs

●average pair of human lungs
can hold six liters of air

Right Lung is divided into 3 segments

Left Lung is divided into 2 segments