Cardiac CH 22-24 quick lesson review 2.2.23

Multiple Choice

This blood vessel branches to deliver venous blood to the right & left lungs.

• pulmonary vein

• aorta

• pulmonary artery

• aorta

pulm artery brings venous blood to lungs to be oxygenated.​

pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood to the left atrium through the mitral valve.

Multiple Choice

The valves of the heart ensure that blood flows back and forth through the chambers

• true

• false

​heart valves prevent regurgitation of blood (back and forth) to keep blood flowing in a one way forward direction.

Problems with heart valves include stenosis & regurgitation

Multiple Choice

What pathogen is highly likely to cause the inflammatory response caused by rheumatic fever and subsequent risk of developing rheumatic carditis?

• methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

• clostridium difficile

• Enterococcus faecalis

• Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

​Remember the auto immune response and the subsequent inflammatory changes that occur with this response to the pathogen causes changes in the heart valves and potentially other cardiac structures, such as the myocardium and endocardium.

myocardium- effects the hearts ability to be an efficient pump

valves- causes valve tissue to become fibrous & they do not close completely. also risk for clots due to platelets wanting to stick.

Multiple Select

Which factors can increase the heart rate? SATA

• hypoxia

• medications

• fever

• dehydration

• hemorrhage

Multiple Choice

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each minute is known as ___________

• systole

• cardiac output

• orthopnea

• intermittent claudication

​Intermittent claudication is a condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries.

pain gets better after resting

​Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

other sign of arterial vascular disease is pain when feet/lower ext are up or when client lying down. pain is relieved when LE are dependent.

• SXS:

• Coldness in the lower leg or foot, especially when compared with the other side

• Leg numbness or weakness

• No pulse or a weak pulse in the legs or feet

• Hair loss or slower hair growth on the legs

• Shiny skin on the legs

• Skin color changes on the legs

• Slower growth of the toenails

• Sores on the toes, feet or legs that won't heal