DNA Structure CFU Prep

​DNA Structure CFU Prep

Each nucleotide has 3 parts.

1. Phosphate group

2. Sugar (deoxyribose)

3. Nitrogenous Base

   1. Adenine

   2. Cytosine

   3. Thymine

   4. Guanine

​

DNA is a Nucleic Acid!

It is made of nucleotides.

DNA is made of 2 strands of nucleotides. Together they make a ladder shape.

• THE SIDES OF THE LADDER are made up of the deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate group.

• THE "RUNGS" (MIDDLE) OF THE LADDER is made up of the nitrogeneous bases.

The twisted ladder shape is called a double helix!

This shape was discovered by ROSALIND FRANKLIN, who took an X ray photo of DNA.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?

• double helix

• contains ribose

• made of amino acids

• contains Uracil

Multiple Choice

Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?

• deoxyribose sugar and adenine

• deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond

• deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus

• deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

Multiple Choice

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base

• sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base

• sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

• sugar, phosphate, protein

Multiple Choice

Name this structure

• double helix

• nucelotide

• twisted ladder

• hydrogen bond

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is DNA usually found in?

• cell membrane

• vacuole

• ribosome

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and..?

• nitrogenous base

• nucleic acid

• cholesterol

• fatty acid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a component of DNA?

• 5 Carbon Sugar

• Phosphate Group

• Carbon Base

• Nitrogen Base

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a nitrogen base found in DNA?

• Thymine

• Uracil 

• Guanine

• Adenine

Multiple Choice

What are the nucleotides made of?

• Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base

• Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base

• Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine

• Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.) 

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• polysaccharides

Multiple Choice

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

• adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine

• adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine

• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol

• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose

Guanine--> Cytosine

Cytosine--> Guanine

The nitrogenous bases pair up in specific ways. They are connected by hydrogen bonds!

Adenine --> Thymine

Thymine --> Adenine

Multiple Choice

Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?

• polar bonds

• ionic bonds

• covalent bonds

• hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

Cytosine always pairs with

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Guanine

Multiple Choice

Guanine bonds with ______________.

• Adenine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

Multiple Choice

What is the complement to the DNA strand below:
5'-ATGCCAT-3'

• 5'-TACGGTA-3'

• 3'-TACGGTA-5'

• 3'-ATGGCAT-5'

• 5'-ATGGCAT-3'

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a base pair?

• Adenine - Cytosine

• Cytosine - Thymine

• Deoxyribose - Cytosine

• Cytosine - Guanine

Multiple Choice

According to Chargaff's rule, Cytosine always pair with

• Adenine

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Guanine

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of complementary DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG?

• ATG TGA CAG

• TAC ACT GTC

• GTA AGT GAC

• CAT TCA CTG

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of complementary DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG?

• ATG TGA CAG

• TAC ACT GTC

• GTA AGT GAC

• CAT TCA CTG

Multiple Choice

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of adenine present is always equal to the amount of _________.

• cytosine

• guanine

• thymine

• uracil

Multiple Choice

The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?

• polar bonds

• ionic bonds

• covalent bonds

• hydrogen bonds

This enzyme unzips and separates the two strands of DNA.

HELICASE

This enzyme adds new nucleotides to each of the separated strands of DNA.

DNA POLYMERASE

Because of how the nitrogenous bases pair, you end up with two identical copies of DNA.

THE RESULT

Multiple Choice

What is it called when DNA makes a copy of itself?

• Translation

• Replication

• Mitosis

• Gene therapy

Multiple Choice

When replication is complete, there are two _____________ DNA modules.

• identical

• different

• similar

A living thing's genetic code is determined by the sequence of bases that are found in the center of the molecule. Sections of DNA that code for specific traits are called genes.

What's the purpose of DNA?​

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated

• it's in everything

• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

• because we eat it every day for energy

Multiple Choice

Assume that you have straight hair and your sibling has curly hair. What accounts for this difference?

• You have DNA and your sibling does not.

• The your sequence of nitrogen bases is different than your sibling.

• Your sibling has a weave. 

• Your sibling has a genetic mutation. 

Multiple Choice

How is the instructions for your traits carried on a DNA molecule?

• Sequence of the nitrogen bases

• In the Deoxyribose Sugar

• In the bond between the phosphate and the sugar

• In the phosphate group

Multiple Choice

What is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein called?

• RNA

• replication

• gene

• protein