Social Studies Chapter One Lesson Two Notes

​SOCIAL STUDIES

CHAPTER ONE LESSON TWO
STUDY GUIDE

​The Pueblo People

Location: American Southwest

Time frame: 1150 to more than one thousand years

Life style: farmers

Homes: permanent homes made of stone and clay

​Pueblo Homes

Their homes were cube-like rooms stacked on top of each other. Larger rooms were on the bottom and smaller rooms on the top. They looked like small, stepped pyramids.

​Defenses

Their homes were easy to defend because there were often no windows or doors on the bottom floors and wooden ladders that could be pulled up were used to get from one floor to another.

​Family Life

Pueblo homes were home to several families.

Kivas were special below-groun rooms used for rituals and ceremonies.

​Famil

​Pueblo Groups

There are many groups that make up the Pueblo people. Two of these are Zuni and Hopi.

​ZUNI

The Zuni ancestral land is in the Zuni River Valley. They abandoned some of their villages as a result of attacks by Spanish treasure hunters.

​HOPI

​

The Hopi are believed to be one of the oldest desert peoples. Their village of Oraibi is believed to be nine hundred years old.

They used dams and irrigation to grow corn, cotton, beans, and squash.

​JOBS

The Hopi men farmed and hunted and wove cloth from cotton.

The women gathered food like nuts and berries and made baskets and pottery for storing food.

The Hopi people were one of the first to fire their pottery by using coal.

​BELIEFS

Kanchinas are spirits who live in sacred places for half of the year and near Hopi villages for the other half. They bring rain and the growing season.

​THE NAVAJO

​Location: Migrated from northern tundra to the southwestern deserts

Time frame: late 1200s

Life style: originally hunter-gatherers but quickly adopted new techniques for surviving in the desert

Homes: large dome-shaped buildings

​Navajo homes

Their homes are called hogans and they were made of logs or stone covered in mud and dirt. They had one entrance usually facing east and covered with a blanket. They had no windows but did have a hole in the roof so that smoke could escape.

​Skills

Used irrigation to grow crops, made clothes with cotton, skilled in making jewelry and pottery. Skilled at herding sheep and cattle and riding horses.

​Beliefs

Hozho, or "walking in beauty" means maintaining balance with the Earth. They believe that being out of harmony with the Earth is the cause of illness and suffering.

​APACHE

​Location: migrated from Canada

Life style: They were hunter-gatherers and hunted buffalo, deer, and cougar. They gathered agave, cactus, nuts, and berries. They also moved from place to place.

​They lived in homes called wickiups that were dome-shaped and covered in skins, reed mats, brush, or grass. These could be taken apart and moved.

They conducted raids against Pueblo villages and were known to be fierce and war-like. The name Apache comes from the Zuni word for enemy.

​Apache Families

They lived in small groups made up of their extended family. The groups were independent and the Apache only recently unified under a single government.

Fill in the Blank

Where did the Apache migrate from?