STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

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STRUCTURES
AND ORGANIZATIONS

OF
GOVERNMENT

Multiple Choice

How many arms of government do we have in Nigeria?

• 5

• 3

• 4

• 2

Multiple Choice

At the State level, there are how many legislative chambers?

• Two

• Three

• One

• Multiple

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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
GOVERNMENT

Government is structured into three major
institutions or organs. These institutions
include:

The LEGISLATURE

The EXECUTIVE

The JUDICIARY

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THE LEGISLATURE

This is the organ that makes laws. At the federal
level, the legislature is made up of two chambers
(bicameral). These two chambers are collectively
called The National Assembly viz :the Senate and
the House of Representatives. At the state level,
it is unicameral, called the State House of
Assembly while at the local level, it is called the
Local Government Council.

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SENATOR AHMAD
IBRAHIM LAWAN
CURRENT
SENATE
PRESIDENT AS
AT FEBRUARY 2023

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HONOURABLE FEMI GBAJABIAMILA
CURRENT SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES AS AT FEBRUARY 2O23

Open Ended

Write the names of the current Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Rep

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FUNCTIONS OF THE LEGISLATURE

i.Power to amend the constitution

ii.Power to remove the executive head
e.g. President or Governor through
impeachment

iii.Power to approve the appointment of
ministers, ambassadors, special
advisers etc.

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EXECUTIVE

This is the organ in charge of day to day
administration. At the federal level, it is headed
by the President, who is elected for a term of
four years and can seek re election for another
term of four years, having the whole country as
his constituency. The president also chooses
ministers to form his cabinet. At the state
level, it is headed by a Governor and at the local level; it is headed by a Chairman.

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PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI
INCUMBENT PRESIDENT OF NIGERIA

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PROF. IBRAHIM GAMBARI
CURRENT CHIEF OF STAFF

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BOSS MUSTAPHA

SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATION

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FUNCTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE
1. Policy formulation
2. Appointment of officials
3. Declaration of war
4. Power of pardon
5. Initiation of bills
6. Supervision
7. Signing of bills to law

Open Ended

Write any five functions of the executive arm of government

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THE JUDICIARY

This organ is composed of
professional lawyers and less
political officers. The judiciary
interprets and protects the
constitution. It operates the courts
within the country.

Open Ended

Define Judiciary in your own words

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FUNCTIONS OF THE JUDICIARY

i.Judicial review and interpretation

ii.Arbitration

iii.Protection of individual rights

iv.Laws and policy making

v.Advising the president on judicial matters etc.

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ALOMA MARIAM MUKHTAR
FIRST FEMALE CHIEF
JUSTICE IN NIGERIA

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ABUBAKAR MALAMI
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE FEDERATION AND MINISTER OF JUSTICE

THE JUDICIARY

The judiciary constitutes the arm of government that interprets or

adjudicates the law of the state and amplifies the existing law to
individual cases. The judiciary is the last hope of the masses.

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IBRAHIM TANKO MUHAMMAD
IMMEDIATE PAST CHIEF JUSTICE OF NIGERIA

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OLUKAYODE ARIWOOLA
INCUMBENT CHIEF JUSTICE OF NIGERIA AS AT FEBRUARY 2023

Open Ended

Who is the current Chief Justice of Nigeria?

Open Ended

Who was the first female Chief Justice of Nigeria?

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JUDICIARY IN A
STATE

1.Impartiality

2. Political neutrality

3. Judicial immunity

4. Code of conduct

5. Professionalism

6. Due process

7. Stable tenure of office

8. Permanence

Open Ended

Is interpretation of the law the only function performed by the judiciary in your country? Your is obviously 'NO'. Therefore highlight any other five you know.

Open Ended

From your textbook, define judicial independence

Open Ended

Define Judicary

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THE JUDICIARY IN NIGERIA

​The Federal judicial power is exercised by the Federal Courts, which adjudicate in disputes arising between individuals, governments and corporate entities in their inter-relationships with one another within or outside the country in accordance with the law. In that regard, the functions, powers and responsibilities of the various courts forming the Federal Judicature are discussed below:

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1. The Supreme Court

This is the highest court in Nigeria. It is last stop on all appeal matters. It is the last stop on all appeal matters. It consists of the Chief Justice of the Federation and such number of Justices of the Supreme Court as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly not excedeing twenty-one. Presently the Supreme Court is made up of the Chief Justice and twelve (12) other Justices.

Multiple Choice

The Supreme court was established in Nigeria in

• 1954

• 1960

• 1946

• 1957

Multiple Choice

The Supreme court became the highest court of appeal in Nigeria in

• 1960

• 1963

• 1979

• 1923

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2. The Court of Appeal

The Court of Appeal consist of the President and the Justices of the Court of Appeal among which at least three must be learned in Islamic Law and three in Customary Law. It has exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from the Federal High Court, High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, State High court, Sharia Court of Appeal, Customary Court of Appeal, National Industrial Court, a court-martial or other tribunals prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly.

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3. The Constitutional Court

This Court is made up of its President and law may prescribe such number of Justices of the Constitutional Court (at least 20) as. It has original jurisdiction in respect of matters relating to the interpretation or enforcement of the Constitution among other duties.

Multiple Choice

Presently the Supreme Court is made up of the Chief Justice and -----other Justices.

• 10

• 11

• 12

• 15

Multiple Choice

The Supreme Court is headed by the most senior

• Chief Judge

• Chief of Army Staff

• Chief Justice

• President

Multiple Choice

The head of the Court of Appeal is the

• Chief Judge

• President

• Executive President

• Governor

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4. The Federal High Court

The Court has exclusive jurisdiction in civil cases and matters relating to the revenue of the Government of the Federation such as taxation, customs, and excise duties, banking, copyright, admiralty, citizenship, etc.

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​5.The High Court of the Federal Capital Territory

It consists of a Judge ad such number of Judges as may be prescribed by law. To all intents and purposes, it has the same unlimited jurisdiction as the State High Courts.

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​Other Courts of the Federal Capital Territory

In the Federal Capital Territory, there are the Sharia Court of Appeal and the Customary Court of Appeal. The Grand Khadi and Khadis preside over the Sharia Court while the President of the Customary Court and other Judges preside over the Customary Court of Appeal. The Sharia Court of Appeal exercises appellate and supervisory jurisdiction in civil proceedings on Islamic Law. The Customary Court of Appeal exercises appellate and supervisory Jurisdiction in Civil Proceedings on Customary Law. State Courts

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​The High Court of a State

Every State has its own High Court headed by a Chief Judge and supported by such number of Judges as may be prescribed by a Law of the State. The High court has unlimited jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil and criminal proceedings under any law of the state.

Other Courts of a State

There is a Sharia Court of Appeal and a Customary Court of Appeal for any State that requires any of them. In addition to the above, there are Election Tribunals and an Election Appeal Tribunal in each State of the Federation.

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INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY

An independent judiciary is onewhich is free from the interference of the other two arms of government- the legislature and executive

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REASONS FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY

1.Appointment

2.Remuneration

3.Immunity

4.Promotion of judges

5.Impartiality

6.Confidence

7.Independent arbiter

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PROBLEMS/ENCROACHMENTS ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY

1.Political appointment

2.Disrespect of court decisions/orders

3.Decrees

4.Backdating of law

5.Insufficient personnel

6.Poor remuneration

Open Ended

Show your teacher any five ways judicial independence can be undermined

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WAYS BY WHICH THE EFFICIENCY OF THE JUDICIARY CAN BE GUARANTEED IN SAFEGUARDING THE RIGHTS OF A CITIZEN OF THE JUDICIARY THE JUDICIARY

1.Dismisal

2.Immunity

3.Funding

4.Promotion

5.Security

6.Remuneration

7.Fair treatment

8.Political neutrality

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PLEA BARGAIN

Plea Bargain is an arrangement between prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence or an agreement to drop other charges.

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ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF PLEA BARGAIN

1.1. Outright abuse

2.Embezzlement of public fund

3.Punishment of offenders

4.Limitation to the application of rule of law

5.Zeal of hard work will be jettisoned

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JUSTICE

Justice is a state of being fair, equitable, impartial or unbiased, neutral in treating or handling issues or matters involving groups or individuals in society.

Open Ended

Observe this picture and explain the significance of of her:

1. blindfold

2. the sword

3. the scale

INSTRUCTION: You can use your textbook as a guide.

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ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF PLEA BARGAIN

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