PURP COMM

Truth or Dare: Misinformation and Disinformation

​Belano, Montemayor, & Resuello

INTRODUCTION

Silence and Prayer

PRAYER

INTRODUCTION

The Proliferation of Fake News:

A survey was conducted from September 17- 21, 2022 across the Philippines about fake news.

Multiple Choice

How many percent said that fake news is a serious problem in the Philippines?

• 56%

• 86%

• 76%

• 96%

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

What are the possible effects of fake news to people? Will the country be progressive if the proliferation of fake news is prevalent, yes or no? Why?

INTRODUCTION

Information Literacy

Multiple Select

What is Information Literacy?

• Ability to access, locate, evaluate, and present information effectively

• Determine the relevant information

• Develop effective research skills

• Gather information to widen one’s knowledge and understanding about a topic

INTRODUCTION

Information Literacy

• Ability to access, locate, evaluate, and present information effectively

• Determine the relevant information

• Develop effective research skills 

• Gather information to widen one’s knowledge and understanding about a topic

TYPES OF INFORMATION

Types of Information (Negative Context)

Multiple Choice

False information spread to intentionally inform the public to obscure the truth.

• Misinformation

• Malinformation

• Disinformation

• Suprainformation

DISINFORMATION

Disinformation

• False information deliberately and often covertly spread (as by the planting of rumors) in order to influence public opinion or obscure the truth (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2023)

DISINFORMATION

Examples:

Multiple Choice

False information spread innocently.

• Misinformation

• Malinformation

• Disinformation

• Suprainformation

MISINFORMATION

Misinformation

• False information that is spread, regardless of whether there is intent to mislead (Dictionary.com, n.d.).

MISINFORMATION

Examples:

• COVID-19 context

  • misinterpretation of what the disease is and how it is spread

  • wishful thinking about false remedies

Source: Nyilasy, n.d.

MISINFORMATION

Example:

Source: BBC News, 2020

Multiple Choice

Information that is based on reality but is used to inflict harm on a person, organization or country.

• Misinformation

• Malinformation

• Disinformation

• Suprainformation

MALINFORMATION

Malinformation

Genuine information → intended to cause harm

Ex. Leakage of confidential information.

MALINFORMATION

Example:

• Phishing:

  • A type of misuse of personal and/or confidential information. Theft of personal information by copying a popular website and inserting personal data has become a common tool. Identity theft, attempt to tarnish a reputation, profile cloning, denying access to e-mail, and financial loss are, for example, results of phishing (Santos-d'Amorim & Fernandes de Oliveira Miranda, 2021).

TYPES OF INFORMATION

PRACTICE TIME!

Multiple Choice

WHAT TYPE OF INFORMATION?

Venz said to the group chat that there will be a final exam for purposive communication so that their classmates will panic even though there is no final exam.

• Misinformation

• Malinformation

• Disinformation

• Suprainformation

Multiple Choice

WHAT TYPE OF INFORMATION?

Since Venz announced it to the group chat, Sab believed it and said it to her other classmates Sean and Lou that there will be a final exam for purposive communication

• Misinformation

• Malinformation

• Disinformation

• Suprainformation

Multiple Choice

WHAT TYPE OF INFORMATION?

A scammer texted Venz, claiming to know Venz’s personal details. The scammer then threatens the leakage of Venz’s personal information if Venz wouldn’t comply by sending the scammer funds through GCash.

• Misinformation

• Malinformation

• Disinformation

• Suprainformation

DANGERS (TEAM, 2020)

DANGERS

• 1. Damage to Personal Reputation and Brand Equity

• 2. Divide and Confuse in the Time of War 

• 3. Physical Threats Against Employees, Facilities, or Operations

• 4. Perception Manipulation from Fake News

• 5. Spread of Malware

CONSEQUENCES (BARRETT, 2013)

CONSEQUENCES

• Defamation

  • A legal term that talks about a person’s false statement to destroy another person’s character or reputation.

    Types of Defamation

  • Libel

    • A legal term for written defamation

  • Slander

    • A legal term for spoken defamation

    • Cyberlibel

      • When libel is committed using a technological medium such as social media

PREVENTION (LASTNAME, YEAR)

PREVENTION

Ask yourself these questions:

1. Am I just mindlessly accepting incoming content without adequate scrutiny of source, facts and format?

2. Am I believing this because cold facts warrant it or because it feels good to believe it?

PREVENTION (LASTNAME, YEAR)

PREVENTION

If you see online posts:

1. Check the history of the post and the profile page of the poster.

2. Look beyond the headlines.

3. Practice critical thinking.

PREVENTION (LASTNAME, YEAR)

PREVENTION

The United Nations and Prevent came up with these steps to help prevent the spread of false information:

PREVENTION (LASTNAME, YEAR)

PREVENTION

1. Cut the supply of false information.

2. Work with social media platforms to block people's access to false information.

POST-QUIZ

HOW WELL DID YOU LEARN?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a channel for malinformation?

• Pop-up ads

• Spam text messages

• Social Media Livestream

• All of the above

Open Ended

Give one danger of misinformation

Multiple Choice

Which is the least probable source of disinformation?

• The Philippine Daily Sun

• Philippine Daily Inquirer

• International State College of the Philippines

• None of the above

Open Ended

What is the term for defamation committed using a technological medium such as social media?

Multiple Choice

Spot the signs of what makes a news story fake online.

• The URL and site name looks unusual

• You can't verify where the story comes from

• There's lots of spelling and grammar mistakes

• The image looks photoshopped

• All the answers are correct

Open Ended

Give one source of misinformation about the government and politics.

Multiple Choice

When was the term "misinformation" first recorded

• 1400s

• early 1500s

• late 1500s