12.2 "The North's People" Quizizz Lesson

⚫ Describe working conditions in the North’s factories and

problems workers faced.

⚫ Discuss the special concerns of African American and women

workers.

⚫ Explain why immigration rose in the 1800s and how the

immigrants lived after they reached the United States.

⚫ Discuss the reaction to these immigrants and problems they

faced.

Lesson Goals:

Looking Back, Looking Ahead: In Section 2, you learned how advances in
transportation changed the geography of America. In Section 3, you will learn
about the people and the economy of the North.

Northern Factories

Working

Conditions

Long hours

(11.4 hours avg.)

On-the-job
accidents

Stifling

hot/freezing

cold

• Factory owners showed more concern for profits than the

comfort and safety of their employees.

• Employers could easily replace unhappy workers.
• No laws existed to protect workers.

MAIN IDEA: As industrialism grew in the North, many saw the need for reforms
in working conditions.

Multiple Select

Work in early factories was

• dangerous.

• uncomfortable.

• required putting in long hours.

• a high-earning job.

Drag and Drop

Skilled workers formed trade ​

Placeholder

– organizations of workers with the same trade or ​

Placeholder

. Sometimes unions would stage a ​

Placeholder

, (refusing to work in order to put pressure on employers). They often wanted higher ​

Placeholder

and a reasonable limit on their workday. In the early 1800s, going on strike was ​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

unions

skill

strike

wages

illegal

professions

job

hours

legal

petition

African American Workers

Slavery had largely disappeared from the North by 1820. However,
racial prejudice and discrimination remained in Northern states.
For example, both Rhode Island and Pennsylvania passed laws
prohibiting free African Americans from voting.

prejudice - unfair opinion that is not based on fact

discrimination - unfair treatment of a group

Most communities would not allow free African Americans
to attend public schools and barred them from public
facilities, as well. Often African Americans were forced into
segregated, or separate, schools and hospitals.

Dropdown

Slavery had largely disappeared from the North by 1820.  However, racial ​ prejudice and discrimination remained in Northern states. ​

Select answer

 is an unfair opinion that is not based on fact. ​

Select answer

  is unfair treatment of a group.

Some African Americans Found Success

in Business

(Despite the prejudice and discrimination they faced)

Henry Boyd
Owned a furniture manufacturing
company

Samuel Cornish & John B. Russwurm
Found the Freedman’s Journal
(the 1st African American newspaper)

Macon B. Allen
1st African American licensed to
practice law in the U.S.

Women Workers

• Paid less than men
• Unions excluded women (to keep them out of the

workplace so that more jobs would be available for men)

Women took jobs in the developing mills and factories. However, employers

discriminated against women:

Multiple Choice

What problem did women face in the workplace?

• discrimination

• innovation

• literacy

• promotion

The Rise of Cities

• The growth of factories helped Northern cities grow
• People looking for work moved to the cities
• In 1860, NY = 800,000; Philadelphia = 500,000

MAIN IDEA:
Immigrants entered
northern cities from
many parts of Europe.
They often faced
hardships and
discrimination upon
arriving in America.

Immigration

The movement of

people into a

country

Immigration increased dramatically between 1840 and 1860.
American manufacturers welcomed immigrants, many of whom
were willing to work for low pay.

The largest group of
immigrants at this
time were the Irish.

Between 1846 and 1860,
more than 1.5 million
Irish immigrants
arrived in the U.S.

Today, more people of
Irish descent live in the
U.S. than in Ireland.

Irish Immigration

The Irish migration to the United States
was brought on by the Great Irish Famine.

1840s - A devastating blight,
or disease, destroyed Irish

potato crops

famine – an extreme

shortage of food

More than 1 million people
died from the lack of food

and from diseases

(The largest group of

immigrants)

Irish Immigration, continued

Although most of the
immigrants had been farmers
in Ireland, they were too poor
to buy land in the U.S.

For this reason, many took
low-paying jobs:
Men – factories, manual labor,
railroads
Women – servants or factory
workers

physical,

hands-on work

Multiple Choice

What caused the increase in Irish migration to the United States?

• free land

• famine

• labor unions

• prejudice

German Immigrants

USA

Some sought

work

opportunities

Failed

democratic
revolution in

1848

German Jews

sought
religious
freedom

Many Germans
arrived with enough
money to buy farms
or open their own
businesses.

Many settled on
farms and in cities
in the Midwest –
Cincinnati,
Milwaukee, and St.
Louis

​(The 2nd largest group of immigrants)

German Immigrants

Shoulder Partner

What were the

“push” and “pull”
factors for German
immigrants in this

period?

Historians speak of “push” and “pull” factors that influence
immigration. “Push” factors persuade people to leave their home
country. “Pull” factors persuade them to a particular new country.

Push: failed

democratic revolution

Pull: economic

opportunity; freedom

Multiple Choice

From which country did the second largest group of immigrants arrive into the United States between 1820 and 1860?

• Great Britain

• Mexico

• Germany

• Ireland

The Impact of Immigration

The immigrants who came to the U.S. between 1820 and 1860 changed the
country. These people brought their languages, customs, religions, and ways of
life with them, some of which became part of American culture.

Before the
early 1800s

Protestants from Great Britain

Africans brought forcibly to

America as slaves

At the time, the country had
relatively few Catholics. Most of the
Irish immigrants and about half of
the German immigrants were
Roman Catholics. Many of the
Catholic immigrants of this era
settled in cities in the Northeast.

The German immigrants brought their
language as well as their religion. When
they settled, they lived in their own
communities, founded German-language
publications, and established musical
societies.

Learning About Life in America

Shoulder
Partner

How do you think

people in other parts
of the world found out
about life in the U.S.?

One way was

through

advertising.

European agents of railroad companies and steamship lines described America as a land
where newcomers could make a better living for themselves and their families. Perhaps
the most persuasive arguments for others to come to this country were letters written
by recent immigrants to their family and friends. “If you wish to be happy and
independent, then come here,” wrote a German farmer from his new home in Missouri.

Immigrants Face Prejudice

In the 1830s and 1840s, some native born Americans began to resent newcomers,
especially the Irish immigrants. Some Americans resented them because they
dressed and sounded “different” and because they were Catholics.

People who were opposed to
immigration were known as
nativists.

They believed that immigration
threatened the future of “native” –
American-born – citizens.

Nativists Complaints:
•Taking jobs from “real”
Americans

•Work for lower wages

•Brought crime and disease to
American cities

The Know-Nothing Party

The nativists formed secret anti-Catholic societies, and in the 1850s
they joined to form a new political party: The American Party. Also
called The Know-Nothing Party.

• Often answered questions about their party with the

statement “I know nothing”

• Called for stricter citizenship laws
• Wanted to ban foreign born citizens from holding office

Multiple Choice

What were people called who were opposed to immigration?

• anti-aliens

• overseers

• yeomen

• nativists

⚫ Northern factories grew in the mid-1800s

and many workers faced discrimination and
unsafe working conditions.

⚫ Immigrants flooded into the North seeking

better opportunities than existed in their
own countries.

12.2 Summary
Reviewing the Main Ideas:

Use the preceding slides and/or pgs. 436 - 440 of the textbook to help you answer the following questions.

12.2

"The People of the North"

Match

Match the following

• strike

• prejudice

• Macon B. Allen

• Sarah G. Bagley

• Know-Nothing Party

a refusal to work

unfair opinion not based on fact

became a licensed lawyer

founded Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization

formed by nativists in 1849

• a refusal to work

• unfair opinion not based on fact

• became a licensed lawyer

• founded Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization

• formed by nativists in 1849

Multiple Select

What forms of discrimination did most African Americans in the North face in the mid-1800s? Select ALL that apply.

• They could not use the same public spaces as whites.

• They could not attend public schools.

• They could not go to the best hospitals.

• Many were enslaved.

Multiple Choice

How did industrialization contribute to the growth of Northern cities in the early 1800s?

• Industrialization made agricultural work less profitable.

• New technology increased life expectancy.

• The federal government forcibly moved Native Americans from the West to the Northeast.

• People moved to the cities to work in the factories.

Multiple Choice

What did workers do to improve their working conditions?

• created factories

• formed trade unions

• held strikes

• survived famines