Chapter 7: Section 3: Challenges for the New Nation

Chapter 7: Section 3: Challenges for the New Nation

​French Revolution

• French Revolution broke out in 1789

• Bastille Prison

• France and Great Britain later went to war

• Most Americans like Thomas Jefferson supported the French​

• Why would you think that?

• Americans and the Government wanted to remain neutral

Multiple Choice

Why did Thomas Jefferson believe the U.S. should support the French in their fight against the British?

• Jefferson did not think this

• The French helped the colonies during the American Revolution

• The British helped the colonies during the American Revolution

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBn7iWzrKoI

​Remaining Neutral

• ​President Washington and others wanted to remain neutral in both conflicts

• He believed this was the safest plan for the United States in the long term

• War is expensive and he did not think US should get involved in foreign affairs

• United States issued Neutrality Proclamation saying it would not take sides

​Jay's Treaty

• ​British were seizing American ships in the French West Indies

• Washington wanted to prevent another war with the British

• Could not afford war anyway

• Jay's Treaty was signed to avoid war

• Signed 1794 that settled disputes between the two countries

• unpopular in the South of USA

Multiple Choice

Even though the British were seizing our ships, why did Washington want to prevent another war?

• we could not afford to go to war

• he believed we owed the British our ships after beating them in the Revolution

​Pickney's Treaty

• ​Spain disputed the Florida border with U.S

• Spain closed New Orleans port to US trade in 1784

• Hurt American economy

• Pickneys Treaty was signed in 1795 stating the Southern US border was set at 31 N Latitude

• Port of New Orleans was reopened and trade resumed

​How’d he get elected?

• ^{Constitution ratified in 1789​}

• ^{​11 of 13 states send delegates to the first Electoral College (Rhode Island and North Carolina hadn’t ratified Constitution yet)}

  • ^{​ELECTORS: PEOPLE CHOSEN BY STATES TO VOTE FOR PRESIDENT}

  • ^{​ELECTORAL COLLEGE: MEETING OF ALL ELECTORS TO VOTE FOR PRESIDENT}

• ^{​WASHINGTON WAS CHOSEN UNANIMOUSLY}

  • ^{​JOHN ADAMS RECEIVED 2ND MOST VOTES AND NAMED VP}

​Whiskey Rebellion

• ​FEDERALISTS PASSED TAX ON WHISKEY

  • ​Whiskey is made from grain, at the time grown in the former Middle Colonies. Many there were Anti-Federalists, and Federalists passed the taxes.

• ​FARMERS IN PENNSYLVANIA OPENLY REBELLED, NOT PAYING TAX

  • ​Thought they'd have the same outcome as Shay's Rebellion.

• ​WASHINGTON LED TROOPS TO PA HIMSELF, AND REBELS FLED

Conflicts over land

• In the 1790s, Spain, Britain, the United States, and Native American groups all claimed parts of the vast western area.

• The U.S. mostly fought with Native tribes over the land, with its rich soil and minerals.

Battles over the land

• Washington sent in two military expeditions, but the Miami of Ohio, led by Chief Little Turtle and helped by British, defeated them both. 

• In 1794, American troops defeated the Miami at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. 

• Frontier War ended

Treaty of Greenville

• Miami and other Native Americans in the region signed the Treaty of Greenville, which ceded, or gave up, their lands in present-day Ohio and Indiana to the United States.

• guaranteed safety of citizens

• Native Americans received 20,000 worth of goods

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the treaty that ended the Frontier Wars?

• The Treaty of Paris

• The Treaty of Greenville

• The Treaty of the United States of America

• The Treaty of the Fallen Timbers

​Big Idea #1: Political Parties

• ​Political parties began to emerge due to opposing views on the extent of federal power. One group wanted a Strong Federal government and one wanted a weak federal government. A group of people that didn't like what Washington was doing as a President were the Anti-Federalists.

• They believed in a STRICT interpretation of the Constitution and hated that Washington was creating things like a bank that wasn't allowed in the constitution.Thomas Jefferson was another member of Washinton's cabinet (group that helps the President) and the leader of the Anti-Federalist. Two political parties began to grow that wanted very different things through their government

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-Anti-Federalist also did NOT like being called "Anti" so they change their name to the DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS.

​Big Idea #2: Washington's Farewell Address

As Washington's last act as President he wanted to leave a message for the country called the FAREWELL ADDRESS. This speech made an impact on many including the future Presidents who would follow him. What did his farewell address say?

• He urged the nation to be neutral and stay away of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. The United States should not get involved with other country's problems.

• He recognized the dangers of political parties and was against political parties. .

• His advice contributed to many future foreign policy decisions. The Presidents after Washington listened to him and followed his guidelines.

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Multiple Choice

What did Washington say in his Farewell address about dealing with foreign countries?

• He urged the nation to be neutral and stay away of permanent alliances

• He urged the nation to help and aid other countries

• He urged the Nation to help aid with taxes of foreign alliances

• He urged the nation to help supply countries with food and raw materials