MODULE No. 16

​CULTURAL, SOCIAL and POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

• Distinguishing Kinship, Marriage and Household:

• Kinship by blood, Kinship by Marriage

• - Kinship by Ritual, Politics of Kinship, Family and Household,

​Do you think it is necessary to undergo Courtship also known as “ Panliligaw” before marriage? Why or why not?

1. KINSHIP - the "web of social relations", humans form as part of a family, which is the smallest unit of society. It is the relation between two or more persons that is based on common ancestry or mariage.

2. MARRIAGE - special of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in a ccordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.

3. HOUSEHOLD - consists of one of more people who live in the same dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation, and may consists of a single family or some other grouping of people.

Kinship by Blood - links individuals based on their genetic relations. It allows an individual to identify another individual as a family member through blood relation. It is also known as kinship by consanguinity. (Examples: Parents and their children and between children of same parents.)

Classification of family according to Blood Line

a. Patrilineal – family that traces its ancestry from the paternal or father’s side.

b. Matrilineal - family that traces its ancestry from the maternal or mother’s side.

c. Bilineal – family that traces its ancestry from both paternal and maternal side.

Classification of family according to Blood Line

a. Patrilineal – family that traces its ancestry from the paternal or father’s side.

b. Matrilineal - family that traces its ancestry from the maternal or mother’s side.

c. Bilineal – family that traces its ancestry from both paternal and maternal side.

​Kinship by Marriage - When a person marries, he establishes relationship not only with the girl whom he marries but also with a number of other people in the girl’s family. Moreover, it is not only the person marrying who gets bound to the family members of the girl but his family members also get bound to the family members of the girl.

​Form of Marriage

a. Monogamy – Marriage in which there is only one wife and one husband at a time.

b. Polygamy – Any form of marriage in which a person may

have more than one spouse at a time.

c. Polyandry– A form of marriage in which one woman may have more than one husband at a time.

d. Polygyny – A form of marriage in which a man may have more than one wife at a time.

SELECTING A MARRIAGE PARTNER

​Group Marriage - wherein the family unit consists of multiple husbands and multiple wives Will you marry someone who belongs to your group (examples: ethnicity, religion, nationality) or someone outgroup of your group? These are roles that the male and female must consider. Rule of marriage is very important. No society gives absolute freedom to its members to select their partners.

SELECTING A MARRIAGE PARTNER

• ENDOGAMY – it is a rule of marriage in which the life-partners are to be selected within the group and the group may be caste, class, tribe, race, village, religious group etc. Interracial marriage (ASIAN and EUROPEAN; AMERICAN and ASIA) are good examples for endogamous marriages.

• EXOGAMY – it is a rule of marriage in which an individual has to marry outside his own group. It prohibits marrying within the group. The so-called blood relatives shall neither have marital connections nor sexual contacts among themselves. Traditional Chinese families prefer to have an exogamous marriage for their children, that is their sons to marry someone who also belongs to Chinese families.

KINSHIP BY RITUAL

• Is a privileged social relationship established by ritual, such as that of Godparents or fraternal orders. A very famous ritual kinship is the COMPADRAZGO. Used to refer to the institutional relationship between compadres. Compadres are relationship between the parents and godparents of a child is an important bond that originates when a child is baptized in Iberian and Latin American families.

FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD

• Types of families and their forms are based on various parameters. You can find the list of types of family and family forms, below. the types of family in sociology, have been classified as per world norms and not only India. Different types and structures of families in society have been listed.

Types of family-by-family size or structure – based on family composition of who comprises the family.

1. Nuclear family – a family unit that consists of a single couple or monogamous family, that is – the husband, wife and their child or children.

2. Extended family – a family unit that consists of the husband and wife with their children, and their relatives like in-law (grandparents, uncle, and aunty, cousins, , nice, nephews).

3. Reconstituted family – a family unit that consists of one or both parents who have a child or children from a previous relationship or past marriage, but they have combined to form a new family often after a death of a previous spouse, or marital separation, annulment, or divorce.

4. Single parent family – a family unit which is headed by one parent ( either father or mother only) raising a child or children.

Types of family by residence – based on the nature or household residence:

1. Patrilocal residence – the son stays and the daughters leaves, so that the married couple lives with or near the husband’s parents.

2. Matrilocal residence – the daughter stays and the son leaves, so that the married couple live or near the wife’s parents.

3. Family or biological residence – either the son or the daughter leaves, so that the married couple lives with or near either the wife’s or the husband’s parents.