Fast and Slow Changes in Earth's Crust

Fast and Slow Changes in the Earth's Crust

​The crust lies on the mantle. The mantle is made partly of melted rocks. Therefore, there is always constant movement in the layer.

Multiple Choice

Where does the earth's crust lie?

• Mantle

• Inner Core

• Outer Core

​Fast Changes in the Earth's Crust

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- causes large blocks of rocks in the crust to either slide or shake forming cracks.

Earthquake

New faults are formed when an earthquake takes place.

The cracks are called faults.

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Seismologists - scientists who study earthquakes.

Seismic Waves

- movement of an earthquake

​

Seismograph

- an instrument used to identify the strength and point of origin of the earthquake.

Multiple Choice

What causes large blocks of rocks in the crust to either slide or shake forming cracks?

• Earthquake

• faults

• Seismologist

Multiple Choice

What do we call the cracks formed when an earthquake takes place?

• Cracks

• Faults

• Seismic Waves

Multiple Choice

What type of scientist studies earthquakes?

• Biologist

• Seismologist

• Volcanologist

Multiple Choice

What is the movement of an earthquake?

• Seismic Rays

• Seismic Ways

• Seismic Waves

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- when magma is pushed up forcefully to the earth’s crust through a mountain with a hole or crater.

Volcanic Eruptions

Magma is melted rock inside the mantle.

Lava is magma that flows out of a volcano.

.

Lava will harden and form solid rock after some time.

Multiple Choice

What happens when magma is pushed up forcefully to the earth’s crust through a mountain with a hole or crater?

• Earthquake

• Tsunami

• Volcanic Eruptions

Multiple Choice

What is melted rock inside the mantle?

• Magma

• Lava

• Pressure

Multiple Choice

What is melted rock that flows out of a volcano?

• Magma

• Lava

• Pressure

Tsunami

- giant ocean waves that are caused by underwater earthquakes, eruptions of underwater volcanoes, or sudden movement of the ocean plates.

First, a trigger will cause changes to the sea floor creating a vast energy displacing large volumes of water.

Then progressive waves will propagate and will travel outward. In a short time, it can reach the shore creating impact that can bring death and destruction of property.

Multiple Choice

What are the giant ocean waves that are caused by underwater earthquakes, eruptions of underwater volcanoes, or sudden movement of the ocean plates?

• Earthquake

• Volcano

• Tsunami

Fast Changes in the Earth’s Crust are destructive and beyond human control. Therefore, instruments or apparatuses are developed in order to predict these phenomena, to warn people to be ready and follow the precautions imposed.

​Slow Changes in the Earth's Crust

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Weathering

The breaking up, crumbling, and wearing away of rocks.

During winter, water freezes and expands in between rocks. When it melts, it leaves a crack in the rocks. With many repeated cycles, the rock will eventually crack.

Weathering due to Frozen Water

Rainwater mixing with gases in the air creates acid which can turn rocks into soft clay. Hollow gaps are then formed.

This can take thousand of years.

Chemical Weathering

Erosion

Broken pieces of rocks are carried away by water or wind to new places

Rocks and soil were deposited from higher ground. As time passes, continually flowing water widens a stream thus creating a river. The deposited materials form a triangular landform called a delta.

Water Erosion

The wind carries pieces of soil and sand to other locations to form sand dunes.

This usually happens in deserts.

Wind Erosion

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