19.1 Europe After the Fall of Rome

19.1 Europe After the Fall of Rome

Geography Shapes Life in Europe

Europe is a small but diverse continent with different landforms, water features, and climates. We call Europe a continent, but it is part of Eurasia, a large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia.

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Europe is part of ​

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. It is a large landmass that contains both ​

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.

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Eurasia

Europe and Asia

Asia and Africa

Pangea

Europe and Australia

The climates and vegetation vary widely from region to region. Its geography influenced where and how people lived. In southern Europe, most people lived on coastal plains or river valleys and farmed. Those near the sea became traders and seafarers. In northern Europe, the rivers provided transportation and towns grew along them. Farmers grew all sorts of crops on the excellent farmland near the cities. The flat land, however, made it easy for invaders to enter. These invasions changed Europe.

Multiple Select

How were Europeans impacted by rivers and bodies of water? Mark all that apply.

• they allowed farming

• they provided trade and transportation routes

• They built cities along them

• The kept invaders out.

Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe.

As the Roman Empire fell, various groups from the north and east moved into former Roman lands, creating their own states and making their own kings. These kings often fought among themselves, dividing Europe into many small kingdoms. This marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, or medieval period.

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At the start of the ​

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, Europe was divided into ​

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ruled by ​

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.

In the early Middle Ages, most kingdoms of northern Europe were not Christian. The pope sent missionaries and converted much of Britain, then Germany, and France. One early missionary, Patrick, was an English Christian who took it upon himself to convert Ireland.

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Multiple Choice

Why did Patrick go to Ireland?

• to drive out snakes

• he was kicked out of his homeland for being Christian

• to convert Ireland to Christianity

• to find a pot of gold

Unlike missionaries, monks lived apart from society in isolated communities, where they prayed, worked, and meditated. Communities of monks, or monasteries, were built all over Europe in the Middle Ages. Most monks followed a strict set of rules created in the early 500s by Benedict.

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Monks lived ​

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society in ​

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. They followed rules created by ​

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apart from

monasteries

Benedict.

among

churches

Patrick

The Pope

The Franks Build an Empire

In the 500s, a powerful Germanic tribe called the Franks conquered Gaul, the region we now call France. The Franks became Christian and created one of the strongest kingdoms in Europe. The Franks reached their greatest power during the 700s under Charlemagne (SHARH-luh-mayn). Religious learning and writing grew a great deal during his time.

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The ​

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​ were a powerful tribe that conquered what is now ​

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. Their most powerful leader was ​

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.

​While Charlemagne was building his empire, Europe was being attacked on all sides by invaders. The most fearsome invaders were the Vikings from Scandinavia. Their attacks were swift and savage, and Europeans lived in terror of Viking attacks.

Invaders Threaten Europe

Fill in the Blanks

Although Charlemagne's empire was growing, invaders attacked. The most fearsome were the

.

Match

Match the following:

• Eurasia

• Middle Ages

• Medieval

• monks

• monasteries

the large landmass that includes Europe and Asia

the period lasting from about 500-1500

another name for the Middle Ages

religious men who lived apart from society

communities where monks lived

• the large landmass that includes Europe and Asia

• the period lasting from about 500-1500

• another name for the Middle Ages

• religious men who lived apart from society

• communities where monks lived

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​

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was a Christian missionary credited with converting Ireland to Christianity.

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​

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was a monk responsible for creating a set of rules for monks.

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​

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was a warrior and king who led the Franks in building a huge empire.