Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution
(1781)

25

I.

Water, Coal & Iron

▪ WATER is harnessed for manufacturing
▪ Provides energy for early machines

▪ Waterwheel

▪ Transportation of raw materials and

products

▪ Import of people and food
▪ Later steam for Engines

I.

Water, Coal & Iron

▪ COAL provides new energy source in

England, replaces wood/charcoal

▪ Steam engine developed to pump water

out of coal mines

▪ James Watt 1781

▪ Engine Age – used to automate

manufacturing

▪ Textiles, ships, trains, steel

I.

Water, Coal & Iron

▪ Coal provides energy to smelt

and forge IRON

▪ Iron supplies material for new

tools and machines, which
then provide better iron for
industry

I.

World Changers – Coal &
Steam

I. World Changers – The “Rocket”

I. World Changers – Steamships

I. Water, Coal & Iron

Cycle of growth

▪New tech > new energy > cheaper
products > higher wages > more
buying > new tech

I.

Water, Coal, & Iron

▪England proves perfect place for
development
▪Water – power, navigation
▪Coal – power
▪Liberty, Law and property

Drag and Drop

​ ​ Water provided ​

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as well as ​

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.

Coal provided a new from of ​

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.

Iron allowed new and more advanced ​

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to be developed.

Combined they produced ​a revolution via the ​

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.

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energy

transportation

technology

steam engine

electric motor

nuclear reactor

windmill

Drag and Drop

​

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developed the first steam engine in ​

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in the year​

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.

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James Watt

England

1781

Adam Smith

James Stephenson

1776

1830

America

Holland

France

II. Division of Labor (Factories)

▪ New machines need SPACE

and POWER

▪ Production moves from

HOUSE to FACTORY

▪ Creates SPECIALIZATION

which DIVIDES LABOR

II. Division of Labor (Factories)

▪Greatly increases
production potential
▪ Smith: 20 pins/day to

4,800 pins/day

▪ reduces prices, increases

profit and wages

▪But also transforms society

Multiple Choice

The term for Adam Smith's belief that the free market would be largely self-regulating.

• Mercantilism

• Commodities

• Invisible Hand

• Laissez-faire

• Socialism

Multiple Choice

According to Adam Smith, what are the two factors that regulate a marketplace?

• elected officials and voters

• the size of the town and the number of customers

• competition and self-interest

• proper laws and institutions

III. Revolution

▪ FACTORY WORK differs from

country life

▪ Strict focus on time and

schedules

▪ Work is monotonous, hard,

dangerous

▪ Workers dependent on owners

not themselves

▪ Sickness, injury, bad business

III. Revolution

▪ Growth of CITIES as

people migrate to factories

▪ Issues of sanitation,

housing, recreational space

▪ People uprooted from their

homes, village, nature

▪ Chaos and loss

III. Revolution

▪ Rise of the MIDDLE CLASS or

BOURGEOIS (citizen of the town)

▪ Raised millions out of poverty
▪ Increased life expectancy
▪ More leisure time
▪ Brought new opportunities for wealth or social advancement

So What?

▪Industrial Revolution brings incredible growth in
PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY, MIDDLE CLASS
▪Reshapes society with FACTORY WORK and
CITIES
▪ENGLAND/US, again, at the center of WC and
modernity
▪Growing liberalism in the use of capital and labor

Drag and Drop

SO WHAT?

Industrial Revolution brings incredible growth in ​

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, ​

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, & the ​

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. Reshapes society with ​

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and ​

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.

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PRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

MIDDLE CLASS

FACTORY WORK

CITIES

poverty

upper class

farming

Drag and Drop

SO WHAT?

​​

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and the ​

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, again, at the center of WC and modernity.

Growing ​

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in the use of capital and labor.

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England

US

liberalism

absolutism

Holland

Rome