F4 revision

Lessons on preparing
an open book exam

18th to 21st April, 2023

Section 1 Language use 60%

I. Choose the best answer. No.1-20 (1%*20=20%)

Chapter 17 Adverb Clause + U6 word formation & language points

II.Choose the best answer-vocabulary and grammar in context No.21-45 (1%*25=25%)

Unit 6 text 1(P. 130),text 2( PP. 133-134) & Unit 5 text 2 (P. 109)

III. Spotting Errors in context No. 46-55 1%*10=10% Unit 6 Text 1 (P. 130)

IV. Fill in the blanks. Unit 6 Text 2 ( PP. 133) 1%*5=5%

Section 1 Language use 60%

I. Choose the best answer. No.1-20 (1%*20=20%)

Chapter 17 Adverb Clause + U6 word formation & language points

Notes

.

1.Sb. + spend + time/ money + (in) + v-ing
花時間做某事
2. It + takes + time + to do sth.
If something takes a particular time, that
period is needed in order to complete it:
做某事佔用特定時間/金錢

3. sth. + cost + money + to do sth. (P130, paragraph 5)
某人必須支付花費一定金額才能購買某物或執行某事

4. include 包括+ v-ing/ noun (P130, paragraph 3)

The bill includes tax and service.

(n.) (n.)

The events in triathlon include cycling, swimming and
running.

(gerund) (gerund)

(gerund)

Multiple Choice

                      I hadnºt fought for our relationship, we ___ together now.

• would't be

• wouldn't have been

• had been

• were

Multiple Choice

I would be happier if ___ 'yes' when she asked me to marry her.

• said

• had said

• say

• still say

Multiple Choice

If you weren't such a jerk, they ___ you to yesterday's party.

• would invite

• would have invite

• had invited

• would have invited

Multiple Choice

If you ____ a map as I told you, we wouldn't be lost now.

• would take

• take

• took

• had took

Multiple Choice

You wouldn't have this job if I ___ you for the interview.

• hadn't prepared

• had prepared

• didn't prpare

• prepare

Multiple Choice

If I didn't love you, I ___ you last year.

• wuoldn't marry

• hadn't married

• wouldn't have married

• married

Multiple Choice

If I had more time, I ___ you last night.

• would call

• would have called

• would not called

• called

Multiple Choice

If you ___ that job, you would be miserable now.

• 'd accepted

• would not accepted

• would accept

• 'd accept

Multiple Choice

If I ___ afraid of flying, we'd have travelled by plane.

• would be

• had been

• wasn't

• weren't

Multiple Choice

If you ___ dad's car without permission last night, you might be in trouble.

• would take

• 'd taken

• took

• take

be similar to: almost the same

(P130, paragraph 5)

We use similar if two or more things are not entirely the same, or identical if
two or more things are exactly the same. We use the patterns similar to and
identical to, a similar + noun or a similar + one and an identical + noun or an
identical + one. We don’t say a same:

This colour is similar to that one.

Frank had a problem connecting his printer. We had a similar problem, so it
must be the software.

She first showed us a beautiful 16th-century vase. Then she showed us an
identical one, but the second one was a copy.

類似=幾乎一樣

4. be set to do sth.
Sb+ be +(all) set 準備+to do something
= someone is ready, prepared, or about to do something

e.g., Harry is all set to have another adventure because he

must meet Voldemort again. . . . (P134, paragraph 6)
哈利準備開始另一次冒險，因為他必須再次遇到佛地魔...

Non-predicate非謂詞: “to’ infinitive; bare infinitive; gerund; past
participle 即不顯示時式的動詞形式(如有TO 的不定式, 沒有TO 的不

定式, 動名詞, 過去分詞作形容詞用)

e.g., I’m a 22-year-old senior in college, studying biology. After I
graduate, I am going to medical school to become a medical
geneticist. I’m a big reader and use reading as a way to relax
from all the hard class work. (P133, paragraph 1)

e.g., They get to play a magical sport called Quidditch, which
seems really fun. (P133, paragraph 3)

a. whether 常用於複述問句和表示懷疑

b. whether … or …作出選擇

I can’t decide whether to paint the wall green or blue.
(or to paint the wall blue)

She didn’t know whether he was laughing or crying.

(whether + to + infinitive)

We’re not sure whether to stay here for dinner or go
somewhere else.我們不確定是留在這裡吃晚飯還是去別的地方。

c. Whether … or not

We use whether … or not or whether or not to give an opposite
alternative:

whether … or not 或 whether or not 用來講及相反的選擇

We use the title Ms rather than Mrs (married woman) or Miss
(unmarried woman) when we don’t know whether a woman is
married or not.

I’m not sure whether or not to go to camping this weekend.

go or do not go

Adverb

clauses If

clauses

examples

explanation

whether or

not (17-8)

(a) I'm going to go

swimming tomorrow

whether or not it is

cold. OR whether it

is cold or not.

Whether or not expresses the idea that

neither this condition nor that condition

matters; the result will be the same.

In (a): "If it is cold, I'm going swimming.

If it is not cold, I'm going swimming. I

don't care about the temperature. It

doesn't matter."

much / far / even + comparative of adj./adv. (+

than): to compare (P130, paragraph 3)

We can use much before comparative adjectives

and adverbs to make a stronger comparison:

adverbs

examples

much

She’s walking much more slower since her
operation.(=much slower than before)

far=much

The roads here are far(much) better than in our city.

even

Frank played well last season and this season he has
played even better.

我們可以在形容詞和副詞的比較級之前使用 much 來加強比較的分別別

In short簡而言之;總之: to give the main point of something

e.g., In short, Campbell believes that opportunities to find
deeper powers within ourselves come when life seems most

difficult. (P130, paragraph 5)

總之，坎貝爾認為，當生活看起來最艱難時，就會有機會發現我

們內心更深的力量。

Parallelism排比句

In English grammar, parallelism (also called
parallel structure or parallel construction) is
the repetition of the same grammatical form
in two or more parts of a sentence.

排比句

平行結構

重複

相同的語法形式

在英語語法中，平行（也稱為平行結構或構造）是在句子中
重複使用兩個或多個結構相同的語法形式來表示各相同的部
分在句中有均等的重要性。

Parallelism排比句

排比句

不定式

動名詞的重複使用

NOT parallel

Parallel

examples

I like to jog, bake, paint,
and watching movies.

I like to jog, bake, paint,
and watch movies.

*watching is not the
structure “to”-infinitive
used in the sentence

I like jogging, baking,
painting, and watching
movies

meaning

X

What do I(you) like?
to jog=to bake=to paint =
to watch movies (all are my
favourite activities)

Parallelism排比句

Parallel
words

examples:
The company is looking for a candidate who is friendly,
organized, meticulous, and punctual. (adjectives)
The participants in the workshop learned how to
communicate, negotiate, and work collaboratively for the
most effective outcome. (“to” infinitives)

Parallel
phrases

examples: Initial trials showed that exposure to the
chemical caused memory problems, intermittent dizziness,
and insomnia.(noun phrases)

Parallel
clauses

examples:The report card stated that the student often
talked in class, that he bullied other students, and that he
rarely finished his homework. (clauses)

Adverb clauses

Adverb clause

conjunctions

examples

Time

after,在…之後
before,在…之前
when,
while,

When they return home, others are
also affected by this journey.

Condition

If
unless
only if
whether or not
even if
in case

If they fail to pass all the tests, Lord
Voldemort will get the Stone, live
forever, and rule the wizard world.(
conditional type 1)

cause & effect

because
now that
since

Because there’s only enough potion for
one, Harry takes it and goes on alone.
( because + cause, result)

Adverb Clauses

Chapter 17 PP. 370’388

Types of Adverb Clauses

type of adverb clause

time

condition

place

purpose

reason

result

manner

comparison

concession

時間

地點

原因

結果

方式

條件

比較

讓步

目的

Types of adverb clause

Type of adverb
clauses

words show the relationship

Adverb Clauses
of time

after, before,
when, while,
by the time (that)
Once
as long as只要 /so long as 只要
whenever 每當
every time每次 (that) the first time.第一次 (that)
the last time最後一次(that) the next time 下一次(that)
as soon as … 立刻...
since自從
until直到...時

Types of adverb clause

Type of adverb
clauses

words show the relationship

Adverb Clauses
of time

after, before,
when, while,
by the time (that)
Once
as long as只要 /so long as 只要
whenever 每當
every time每次 (that) the first time.第一次 (that)
the last time最後一次(that) the next time 下一次(that)
as soon as … 立刻...
since自從
until直到...時

other words show time relationship

Before

a little while before

not long before

After

shortly after

a short time after a little while after

not long after soon after

types of adverb

clauses

words show the relationship

Cause AND Effect

because 因為 / now that 現在 /since 因為

Contrast對比
even though雖然/ although雖然/ though儘管/while儘

管(direct contrast直接對比)

Condition條件
If如果 /unless 除非 /only if 除非 /whether or not 是

否/ even if即使/ in case以防萬一

comparison比較
than /as…as /so…as / the…the…

place地點
anywhere任何地方/ where/ everywhere每個地方/

wherever無論何處

conjunctions

Adverb clauses Cause AND Effect

since (=because)

(=It is a fact that)

since ( a known cause)

because

Because + S+V+O , + an independent clause

(reason) ( expected results)

now that

(=because now)

Now that is used with the present, present perfect or

future tenses

conjunctions

Adverb clauses Cause AND Effect

since (=because)

(=It is a fact that)

since ( a known cause)

because

Because + S+V+O , + an independent clause

(reason) ( expected results)

even though

even though ( unexpected results)

now that

(=because now)

Now that is used with the present, present perfect or

future tenses

conjunctions

Adverb clauses showing direct contrast

*while

a) Mary is rich, while John is poor.=
b) John is poor, while Mary is rich. =
c) While John is poor, Mar is rich.=
d) While Mary is rich, John is poor.

Mary’s financial status ≠John’s financial status
Note the use of the comma in (a) and (b): in using

while for direct contrast, a comma is often used
even if the while-clause comes second.

If/ Only if

Adverb Clauses of condition if/ only if (17-11)

a) The picnic will be canceled only if it rains.

(b) Only if it rains will the picnic

be canceled.

Only if expresses the idea that

there is only one condition that

will cause a particular result.

When only if begins a sentence,

the subject and verb of the main

clause are inverted, as in (b).*

This is a less common usage. No

commas are used.

17-7 Shortened If-Clauses

examples

explanation

(a) Are you a student?
If so / If you are, the ticket is
half-price.

If not / If you aren't, the
ticket is full price.

When an if-clause refers to the idea
in the sentence immediately before
it, it is sometimes shortened.
In (a): If so / If you are = If you are
a student
If not / If you aren't = If you aren't
a student

(b) It's a popular concert.
Do you have a ticket?
If so / If you do, you're lucky.
If not / If you don't, you're
out of luck.

In (b):
If so / If you do = If you have a
ticket
If not / If you don't = If you don't
have a ticket

Adverb

clauses If

clauses

examples

explanation

even if(17-

8)

(b) I have decided to

go swimming

tomorrow. Even if

the weather is cold,

I'm going to go

swimming.

Sentences with even if are close in

meaning to those with whether or not.

Even if gives the idea that a particular

condition does not matter. The result

will not change.

Choose the best answer
14* Try _____ he might, Tom could not get out of the trouble.
A) as if

B) although

C) if

D) as

2023/3/15

try as someone might

used for saying that someone is making a very great effort but still
cannot do something

Try as he might, he could not forget

Choose the best answer
19

However _____ you hate them, you must work with them.

A) very

B) too

C) much

too

D) much

2023/3/15

However much is used for saying that it makes no difference
how good, bad, difficult etc something is or how much there
is of something

examples

however +(adj.) good/bad/ etc

examples

however +long +something takes

examples

however +(adv.) well/badly/hard etc

examples

however +much/many:

Choose the best answer
19

However _____ you hate them, you must work with them.

A) very

B) too

C) much

too

D) much

2023/3/15

Exercise Rearrange the given words to complete the sentence.
Make changes if necessary.

1. If you take money from the fund, small/amount/the/however, you must

record it in this book.

2. We’re determined to have a wonderful holiday, cost/however/it /much.
3. We are determined to solve this problem, however/take/ long/ it.

4. things/ however/you/ many/ explain/ times , you can never get him to
understand.

5. She would still love him he/however/behaved/ badly.

Choose the best answer
19

However _____ you hate them, you must work with them.

A) very

B) too

C) much

too

D) much

2023/3/15

key

I1. f you take money from the fund, however small the amount, you must
record it in this book.

2. We’re determined to have a wonderful holiday, however much it costs.

3. We are determined to solve this problem, however long it takes.

4. However many times you explain things, you can never get him to
understand.

5. She would still love him however badly he behaved.

Adverbs of Purpose

Adverbs of purpose, sometimes called adverbs of reason, help to
describe why something happened. They can come in the form of
individual words – so, since, thus, because – but also clauses – so that,
in order to. Notice in the examples that the adverbs of purpose are used
to connect sentences that wouldn’t make sense if they were formed
alone.
Adverbs of purpose examples in the following sentences are in bold for
easy identification.

I was sick, thus didn’t go to work today.
I started jogging so that I wouldn’t be late.
Because I was late, I jogged a little faster.
Since it’s your birthday, I will buy you a gift.

as if =as though ( to make comparison)

Imaginary situation
… as if + past tense
Alan acted as if he didn’t hear anything, but he did.

The students feel as though they weren’t appreciated, but they were.

She looked as if she'd had some bad news.

I felt as though I'd been lying in the sun for hours.
她看上去好像有甚麼壞消息似的。

我覺得好像已經曬了好幾個小時的太陽。

假設的情況

as if =as though ( to make comparison)

Possible comparison

…..as if + present tense

Ken speaks as if he knows a lot about cooking.

Sally looks as though she lives here.

作有可能的比較

Ken說成他好像他對烹飪很了解似的。

莎莉看起來就像她住在這裡一樣。

Adverb clause of condition ( real conditional)

conditional
type

Sentence structure

talk about

if clause(condition)

main clause( result)

0

1

present tense,

future tense,
present tense,

present tense

general truths

Possible condition
and result

Adverb clause of condition ( Unreal conditional)

conditional
type

Sentence structure

talk about

if clause(condition)

main clause( result)

2

3

Mixed A

Mixed B

past tense,
would +
basic form of verb

past perfect tense,
would have+
past participle

past tense,

hypothetical condition
and its probable result

unreal past condition and its
probable result in the past

past perfect tense,

would+
basic form of verb

an unreal past condition
and its probable result in
the present.

would have+
past participle

an unreal present
situation and its probable
(but unreal) past result.

Adverb clause of condition ( Unreal conditional)

conditional
type

Sentence structure

talk about

if clause(condition)

main clause( result)

2

3

Mixed A

Mixed B

past tense,
would +
basic form of verb

past perfect tense,
would have+
past participle

past tense,

hypothetical condition
and its probable result

unreal past condition and its
probable result in the past

past perfect tense,

would+
basic form of verb

an unreal past condition
and its probable result in
the present.

would have+
past participle

an unreal present
situation and its probable
(but unreal) past result.

Unreal mixed conditional

Present result of a past condition

meaning

If clause

Main clause

an unreal past condition
and its probable result
in the present.

past perfect

would+
basic form of verb

Past result of present or continuing condition

an unreal present situation and
its probable past result.

simple past

would+ have
+ past participle

Mixed conditional sentences
It is possible for the two parts of a conditional sentence to refer to
different times, and the resulting sentence is a "mixed conditional"
sentence. There are two types of mixed conditional sentence.

Past result of present or continuing condition

Form

If-clause( subordinate clause)

Main clause

If + simple past

would+ have + past participle
( perfect conditional)

Function

These mixed conditional sentences refer to an unreal present
situation and its probable (but unreal) past result. In these mixed
conditional sentences, the time in the if clause is now or always and
the time in the main clause is before now.

example

If I wasn’t afraid of spiders,

I would have picked it up.

meaning

I am afraid of spiders.

I didn’t pick it up.

Exercise —mixed conditional

1.

I i hadn’t fought for our relationship, we ____ together now.
A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been
C. had been D. werel

2.

I would be happier if I ______ ‘yes’ when she asked me to marry her.
A. said B. had said C. say D. sill say

3.

If you weren’t such a jerk, they _____ you to yesterday’s party.
A. would invite B.would have invite C. had invited D. would have invited

4.

If you ___ a map as I told you, we wouldn’t be lost now.
A. would take B. take C. took D. had took

5.

You wouldn’t have this job if I ____ you for the interview.
A. hadn’t prepared B. had prepared C. didn’t prepare D. prepare

Exercise —mixed conditional

5. If I didn’t love you, I ___ you last year.
A. wouldn’t marry B. hadn’t married
C. wouldn’t have married D. married
6. If I had more time, I ______ you last night.
A. would call B. would have called C. would not called D. called
7. If you ___ that job, you would be miserable now.
A. ‘d acce[ted B.would not accepted C.would accept D. ‘d accept
8. If I ____ afraid of flying , we’d have travelled by plane.
A. would be B. had been C. wasn’t D.weren’t
9. If you ____ dad’s car without permission last night, you might be in
trouble. A. would take B. ‘d taken C. took D. take