M4 - Preschool Camp - The Fundamentals

M4 - Preschool Camp

The Core Fundamentals Of English

Core Fundamentals

Parts of Speech

Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

Why are they important? - Gives you the ability to construct grammatically correct sentences and communicate effectively.

Nouns

• person

• place

• thing

• animal

Multiple Select

Find all the nouns.

• dog

• run

• small

• pencil

• school

Proper Nouns

• Specific people, places or things

• Name for a noun

Multiple Select

Find all the proper nouns.

• school

• Sycamore High School

• Ohio

• book

• Mrs. McKenna

Pronouns

• Take the place of a noun

Multiple Select

Find all the pronouns.

• Cincinnati

• he

• they

• I

• pencil

Verbs

• Action words

• Or state of being

Multiple Select

Find all the verbs.

• study

• speak

• friend

• dance

• nice

Adjectives

• Describe a noun or pronoun

• What kind, how many, or which one

Multiple Select

Find all the adjectives.

• nice

• red

• house

• happy

• big

Adverbs

• Describe a verb or adjective

• How, when, where, or to what extent

Multiple Select

Find all the adverbs.

• loudly

• sing

• quickly

• write

• beautiful

Prepositions

• Describes the relationship between the noun/pronoun and another word in the sentence.

• Tells where the noun is (position)

Multiple Select

Find all the prepositions.

• on

• in

• he

• play

• purple

Conjunction

Joins two words, ideas, phrases together and shows how they are connected.

Examples: and, or, but, because, yet, so

I was hot and tired but still finished it.

Multiple Choice

Which word in the following sentence is a noun?

I don't go to school today.

• I

• go

• school

• today

Multiple Choice

Which word in the following sentence is a pronoun?

We don't go to school today.

• We

• go

• school

• today

Multiple Choice

Which word in the following sentence is a preposition?

I don't go to school today.

• I

• don't

• to

• school

Multiple Select

Which two words in the following sentence are adjectives?

Today is very sunny and hot.

• today

• very

• sunny

• hot

Multiple Select

Which phrase in the following sentence is an interjection?

Oh, no--I forgot my keys.

• oh, no!

• I forgot

• no--I

• my keys

Multiple Select

Which two words in the following sentence are determiners?

Some people like to live near a shopping mall.

• some

• live

• near

• a

Multiple Choice

Which word in the following sentence is a verb?

I don't go to school today.

• I

• go

• school

• today

Multiple Choice

Which word in the following sentence is an adverb?

We don't go to school today.

(Remember: adverbs answer the question "when".)

• We

• go

• school

• today

Multiple Select

Which word or words in the following sentence is a conjunction?

I like neither sushi nor sashimi, but I do like tempura.

• I

• neither

• nor

• but

Multiple Choice

Find the CONJUNCTION: Brandy, Kaivonna, Ziah, Desquay, Avani, Gabriela, Tyler, Kai, Donye, Diana, Pahola, Jo'Hanna, Kristian, Sophia, and Miss Keene LOVE Literacy!

• and

• LOVE

• Literacy

• Miss

Open Ended

Add an INTERJECTION: ___ I really loved spring break!

Core Fundamentals

Tenses

Why is it important?

Allows for clear and accurate communication of when events or actions occur, and incorrect use of tenses can lead to confusion and misunderstandings.

Multiple Choice

She caught them while they _____.

• were talking

• is talking

• talked

• was talking

• did talked

Multiple Choice

I _____ my grandmother next week.

• should be visit

• visit

• visiting

• will visit

• would visit

Multiple Choice

You should always _____ healthy food.

• eat

• eaten

• eating

• shall eat

• was eating

Multiple Choice

The bus ______ before I reach the bus stop.

• arrive

• arrived

• had arrived

• have arrived

• will arrive

Multiple Choice

Look! The boy _____ the hill.

• were climbed

• was climbing

• is climbing

• climbs

• climbing

Multiple Choice

I _____ the pen before she did.

• had taken

• is taking

• take

• taken

• took

Multiple Choice

I _____ a letter tomorrow.

• has written

• have written

• will write

• write

• wrote

Multiple Choice

She ______ cooking food daily.

• liking

• likes

• like

• is liking

• has liked

Multiple Choice

I _____ my work now. Do not disturb me.

• am doing

• do

• did

• was doing

• were doing

Multiple Choice

The baby ______ usually well behaved.

• are

• has

• is

• shall

• were

Multiple Choice

Scientists _____ a new planet.

• had just discover

• has just discover

• have just discover

• have just discovered

• will just discovered

Multiple Choice

She ______ to London yesterday.

• go

• gone

• had gone

• went

• will go

Multiple Choice

If I _____ the address, I would have gone there.

• had known

• have known

• knew

• know

• known

Multiple Choice

I met Jane while I _______ on the beach.

• walk

• walked

• walking

• was walking

• were walking

Multiple Choice

She never ______ late to school.

• came

• come

• comes

• coming

• is coming

Multiple Choice

The manager ______ soon.

• arrived

• arrives

• has arrive

• is arriving

• will arrive

Multiple Choice

If she asks for money, I _____ her.

• gave

• give

• given

• gives

• will give

Multiple Choice

I did my homework while I ______ TV.

• had watched

• was watch

• was watching

• watched

• watching

Multiple Choice

London ______ a lot since 1975.

• will change

• have changed

• has changed

• changed

• change

Core Fundamentals

Active and Passive Voice

Why is it important?

This skill is important for identifying sentence subjects and objects and for success on academic writing assignments and tests.

Verb voice refers to the relationship between the subject of the sentence and the verb.

In active voice, the subject is the do-er of the action.

• Ex.  Katie read the library book.

  • Active voice is the voice most commonly used in writing.

In passive voice, the subject is the receiver of the action.

• Ex. The library book was read by Katie.

  ​

  • Sentences written in passive voice are less direct and exciting than sentences written in active voice.

Passive voice may be a better choice when:

• 1. The do-er of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence.

  • Ex. The ballots have been counted.

• 2. The action is emphasized, rather than the do-er of the action.

  • Ex. The high-jump record was finally broken last Saturday.

• 3. It is sometimes used for sentence variety.

Decide whether each sentence is written in active or passive voice.

Multiple Choice

The field trip was arranged by my homeroom teacher.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

My very active dog chased a tennis ball across the grass.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

The new magazine contained many creative ideas.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

Lauren and Sarah purchased tickets for the upcoming play.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

Many scoring attempts were made by the opposing team.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

The project was completed by a team of experts.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

Grandma knitted the white wool sweater.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

I pushed the heavy shopping cart through the parking lot.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

The drain was unclogged by the plumber.

• active voice

• passive voice

Multiple Choice

The famous actor was swarmed by several excited fans.

• active voice

• passive voice

Core Fundamentals

Sentence Strucutre

Why is it important?

Knowledge of sentence structure is important for students to construct grammatically correct sentences, avoid common errors, and succeed in academic writing and standardized tests.

Sentence Structure

Please be prepared to take notes!

Four Types of Sentences

1. Simple Sentences

2. Compound Sentences

3. Complex Sentences

4. Compound - Complex Sentences

Simple Sentence

• One independent clause

• This sentence is not always short

• Example: Nick and Tiarra play football every afternoon on the weekends.

Compound Sentence

• 2 independent clauses joined by a comma & coordinating conjunction

• Coordinating Conjunctions: FOR. AND. NOR. BUT. OR. YET. SO

• Can also be joined by semicolon

• Example: Ashley enjoyed rap music ; she really likes the City Girls.

Complex Sentence

• 1 independent clause & 1 dependent clause (starts with subordinating conjunction)

• Examples: Unless you complete the work, you will not pass the class.

• She did not go to the movies even though she had a ticket.

Multiple Choice

The trendy fashion designer released her new line on Wednesday.

• simple

• compound

• complex

Multiple Choice

The Office is my favorite show, but I also love Atypical.

• simple

• compound

• complex

Multiple Choice

Trina and Michael went to the movies to celebrate their anniversary.

• simple

• compound

• complex

Multiple Choice

While waiting for the food to finish, Angie washed the dishes.

• simple

• compound

• complex

Multiple Choice

She returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged.

• simple

• compound

• complex