B2 U4 Grammar

​Grammar of Unit 4, B2

​Present Perfect or Past Simple

​Para diferenciar entre los dos, PRESENT PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE, debemos saber cómo se elaboran las oraciones en ambos casos.

En PRESENT PERFECT, después del sujeto viene el auxiliar HAVE o HAS.

Es HAS cuando el sujeto es singular, excepto el I y YOU.

Si el sujeto es plural, colocaremos el HAVE como también para el I y YOU.

Después del Auxiliar HAVE / HAS viene el verbo en PAST PARTICIPLE.

I have completed all my homework today. (Hasta este momento he completado toda mi tarea.) Es una oración afirmativa.

My friend hasn't eaten his dinner yet. (Hasta este momento, mi amigo no ha comido su cena todavía.) Es una oración negativa.

Have you ever been to the U.S.? Es una pregunta.

​Past simple

​En PAST SIMPLE, después del sujeto viene el verbo en pasado simple.

My mom ate fish for lunch yesterday. (AFFIRMATIVE)

Al final de la oración puede ir la expresión de tiempo YESTERDAY lo que no es posible en PRESENT PERFECT.

My classmates didn't drink milk this morning. (NEGATIVE)

Did you go to the U.S. last year? (QUESTION)

Ahora, vas a escoger si la oración es PRESENT PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE.

Multiple Choice

PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE.

He has grown a beard since I last saw him.

• PRESENT PERFECT

• PAST SIMPLE

Multiple Choice

My cousin got a new piercing yesterday.

• PRESENT PERFECT

• PAST SIMPLE

Multiple Choice

She hasn't written a blog yet.

• PRESENT PERFECT

• PAST SIMPLE

Multiple Choice

Did you dye your hair pink last weekend?

• PRESENT PERFECT

• PAST SIMPLE

​Ahora vas a completar escribiendo la forma correcta del verbo en afirmativo o negativo.

1ro. Tendrás que decidir si la oración está en PRESENT PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE.

No te olvides si al final de la oración lleva una expresión de tiempo en el pasado como YESTERDAY, 2 DAYS AGO, LAST YEAR, entonces es PAST SIMPLE.

El PRESENT PERFECT tiene relevancia en el presente.

2do. Cómo escribir la forma correcta en PAST SIMPLE o PRESENT PERFECT.

En PAST SIMPLE, si es una oración negativa, se coloca DIDN'T o DID NOT seguido del verbo en infinitivo. En PRESENT PERFECT: HAVEN'T WRITTEN o HAVE NOT WRITTEN. No te olvides que es HASN'T cuando el sujeto es singular.

Responde usando CONTRACTION: didn't, hasn't, haven't en negativos. En afirmativos sin contracción: HAS o HAVE.

Fill in the Blank

They ____ ____ to Spain last year. (not go)

'

Fill in the Blank

She _____ _______ her CV yet. (not write)

'

Fill in the Blank

I _______ home from work an hour ago. (get)

Fill in the Blank

I ____ _____ a mustache for years because I like it. (have)

​Present perfect simple or Present perfect continuous?

​Ya sabemos cómo realizar oraciones en PERFECT SIMPLE.

Para el PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, después del sujeto viene el auxiliar HAVE / HAS. Luego viene el BEEN seguido de un verbo con ING.

The students HAVE BEEN LEARNING new words for two hours.

Esta oración da énfasis a la acción de que han estado aprendiendo nuevas palabras por dos horas hasta ahora.

HAVE they BEEN PLAYING soccer?

Tendrás que escoger lo que corresponde para una buena oración en PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE or PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

Multiple Choice

I _______ physics at college since September.

• 've been studied

• 've been studying

• 've be studying

• 've studying been

Multiple Choice

I _______ my thesis. Finally!

• have finish

• has finished

• have finished

• have finishing

Multiple Choice

He _______ working hard all day.

• has been

• has

• has had been

• have been

​Use of the -ING form

​Podemos usar un VERB-ING como sujeto:

WRITING is very difficult

También podemos usar después de una preposición:

I find it very good FOR ORGANIZING things.

Después del GET USED TO o LOOK FORWARD TO el verbo va con ING.

I'm looking forward to eating my lunch.

Después de algunos verbos como: ENJOY, HATE, LOVE, LIKE, CONSIDER...

I ENJOY WATCHING movies.

Después de adjectivo posesivo: MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR:

HER SPEAKING is really good.

Debes escribir la forma correcta del verbo con ING. Ej. write = WRITING.

Fill in the Blank

His (speak) _______ skills are really good.

Fill in the Blank

I always enjoy _______ (watch) French movies on TV.

Multiple Choice

I'm looking forward to _______ (go) to the U.S.A. so I can practice my English.

• go

• gone

• going