PAT_01.06.23

Past simple & past

continuous

Past simple

Definition

Past tense adalah salah satu jenis tenses yang
digunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang terj
adi di masa lalu [tidak berlanjut].

Form

+

: S + Verb 2 + C / S + was/were + C

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the president of Indonesia.

I was born in Surabaya.

-

: S + did + not + Verb 1 / S + to be [was/were] + not

She did not complete her task.

Many kids did not like the horror movie.

Arif was not the smartest students in the class.

?

: Did + S + Verb 1 / Was/were + S

Did you see my bag on the table?

Did you sleep enough last night?

Past continuous

Definition

Bentuk tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
bahwa suatu aksi sedang berlangsung selama wa
ktu tertentu pada waktu lampau (past). Bentuk ini
menunjukkan bahwa aksi tersebut terjadi sebelu
m (began before), selama (was in progress during
), dan mungkin berlanjut setelah (continued after)
waktu atau aksi lainnya yang terjadi pada masa la
mpau.

Form

+

: Subject + to be past [was/were] + present participle [Ving]

She was waiting for you yesterday.

They were discussing my birthday party.

-

: subject + to be past [was/were] + not + present participle [Ving]

I wasn’t doing anything at three o’clock.

They weren’t playing football at two o’clock yesterday afternoon.

?

: to be past [was/were] + subject + present participle [Ving] + C + ?

Was he sleeping at 13.00 yesterday afternoon?

Were they discussing my birthday party?

Past simple + Past

continuous

Simple Past Tense + Past Continuous

Tense

Simple past tense dan past continuous tense sering digunak
an bersama-sama. Past continuous tense mendeskripsika
n background action atau situation (aksi atau situasi yang le
bih panjang), sedangkan simple past tense menjadi actio
n atau event-nya (aksi atau kejadian yang terjadi dengan ce
pat).

Examples:

Past Continuous + Simple Past

He was driving back from the post office when he saw you g

o in the building.

I was sleeping when Vina knocked on my door.

Simple Past + Simple Past

I went home when the bell rang.

Past Continuous + Past Continuou

s

While my mother was cooking, I was setting our table.

PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE

DEFINITION

Present perfect tense adalah suatu tense yang
menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi s
ebelum satu spesifik waktu di masa lalu tetapi
masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

12

Contoso

S u i t e s

1. Menunjukkan suatu pengalaman

I think I have seen the movie before

2. Menunjukkan suatu perubahan

Your English has really improved since You studied at America

3. Menunjukkan suatu pencapaian

My Daughter has learned how to read

4. Menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang belum selesai

I’m so worry, my boy has still not arrived from school.

5. Menunjukkan beberapa kejadian dalam waktu yang berbeda

I have seen several doctor for my illness

Contoso

S u i t e s

14

Since
• Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kapan suatu periode

waktu dimulai.

Contoh:

I have lived in New York since five years ago.

• Since tidak dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat present

perfect tense karena bisa menghilangkan fungsi
keterangan waktu itu sendiri dan makna kalimat.

Contoh:

[+] He has worked here since June.
BUKAN: He has worked here June.
(-) He has not worked since June
Bukan: He has not worked June.
(?) Since when has he worked here?
Bukan: when has he worked here?

For
• Digunakan

untuk

menunjukkan

berapa

lama

periode waktu berlangsung.

Contoh:

I have lived in New York for five years.

• For dapat dihilangkan dalam suatu kalimat present

perfect tense karena keterangan waktu ini masih
bisa dimengerti meskipun tidak disertai dalam
kalimat.

Contoh:

He has worked here (for) several years.
He has not worked here (for) several years.

• Ada beberapa kata kerja yang tidak bisa digunakan

bersamaan dengan kata for, seperti:

began arrive meet end leave stop
Contoh:
She has arrived in New York for two years. [false]
She arrived in New York three years ago. [true]

Contoso

S u i t e s

15

BENTUK

RUMUS

EXAMPLE

Positif

(+)

Verbal

I/You/We/They

+ have + verb 3

He/She/It + has + verb 3

They have lived in Jakarta for a long

time

He has learned English for one year

Nominal

Subject + have/has + been

+ C

 I have been here since June 3rd.
Brandon has been there since April

14th.

Contoso

S u i t e s

16

Negatif

(-)

Verbal

 I/You/We/They + have +

not + verb 3

He/She/It + has + not +

verb 3

They have not lived in Jakarta for

a long time

He has not learned English for

one year

Nominal

Subject + have/has + not +

been + C

Subject + have/has +

never + been + C

She has not been recover from

illness.

I have never been here before.

Interogatif

(?)

Verbal

Have + I/You/We/They +

verb 3 + ?

Has + He/She/It + verb 3 +

?

Have they lived in Jakarta for a

long time?

Has he learned English for one

year?

Nominal

Have/ has + subject + ever

+ been + c + ?

Has she ever gone to Bali?
Have we been back from the

office?

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Subtitle

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Digunakan ketika membandingkan
sesuatu dengan yang lain dan hanya
digunakan untuk adjective dan adverb.

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

1. POSITIVE DEGREE

2. COMPARATIVE DEGREE

3. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

Positive Degree

Positive degree digunakan untuk
menyatakan

bahwa

seseorang

atau benda yang dibandingkan
berada di level yang sama dengan
pembandingnya.

Sehingga

kata

“as”

yang

berarti

sama

harus

digunakan.

“S + V/to be + as + Adj/Adv + as + S

[Vsub]”

Examples:

 My mom is as pretty as me.
 He is as smart as you.
 My dad drives as slow as my

uncle.

Comparative Degree

Comparative degree digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal dan
memeliki arti ‘lebih’. Kata yang selalu digunakan adalah ‘than’ yang
berarti daripada.

“ S + Be + Adj+er/ more Adj + than + ……”

Keterangan:

 Adjective + er digunakan pada salah satu kondisi berikut:

• Adjective hanaya terdiri dari satu suku kata. Contoh : smarter,

taller, shorter, stronger, bigger, etc.

• Adective terdiri dari dua suku kata tapi berakhiran “y”. Contoh:

happier, funnier, earlier, healthier, etc.

 More adjective digunakan jika adjective terdiri dari dua suku kata

atau lebih. Contoh: more expensive, more beautiful, more
comfortable, more responsible, etc.

Examples:

 Jessica is smarter than Lela.
 My clothes is smaller than yours.
 This room was more comfortable than my room.

Comparative Degree of Adverb

Adverb yang bisa dibentuk comparative hanya

adverb of manner dan beberapa adverb of

frequency dan time.

"S + V + adverb+er/more adverb + than….“

Keterangan:

 Kalimat tersebut tidak menggunakan be karena be tidak diikuti oleh adverb of

manner ataupun frequency.Artinya, mereka datang setelah verb-verb biasa.

 Adverb+er digunakan pada salah satu kondisi berikut:

 Adverb hanya terdiri dari satu suku kata. Namun, adverb dengan jenis ini hanya sedikit

jumlahnya. Contoh : harder, faster, higher, sooner, later, lower.

 Adverb "early" adalah satu-satunya adverb yang berakhiran "y" yang diubah menjadi

"ier" = earlier.

 More adverb digunakan pada semua adverb selain dua jenis di atas dan selain

irregular adverbs, yang akan dijelaskan nanti.

Examples:

 Sammy can jump higher than Baqi.
 I want to learn more seriously tomorrow.

Superlative Degree

Digunakan ketika terdapat lebih
dari dua hal yang dibandingkan.
Untuk bentuk dari superlative
degree harus diawali dengan ‘the’
sebelum kata sifatnya

Examples:

 He is the most handsome guy in my class.
 She is the richest among my friends.

QUANTIFIER
[Much, Many,
A lot of, A few,

A little]

MUCH & MANY

Much [Uncountable Nouns]

Much digunakan untuk benda-benda yang tidak dapat dihitung
[uncountable nouns]
Examples:

o We need much sand to build a big building.
o You took too much sugar in your tea, its not good for your health.
o She has much money.

Many [Countable Nouns]

Many digunakan sebagai quantifier untuk

benda yang

dapat dihitung [countable noun].
Examples:

o I have many friends.
o How many fruit you take from refrigerator?
o My father has many cars in the garage.

A little & A few

A Little [Uncountable Nous]

A little digunakan untuk kata benda yang tidak dapat
dihitung [Uncountable Nouns].
Examples:

o I only have a little sugar.
o My niece asks me a little money to buy a book in a department

store.

A few [Countable nouns]

A few untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung [Countable
nouns].
Examples:

o There are a few students in the class.
o My mother is buying few pencils for my brother in the

department store.

A lot of ..

A lot of …. [Uncountable &

Countable Nouns]

A lot of bisa digunakan baik untuk benda yang bisa dihitung
maupun yang tidak bisa dihitung.
Examples:

o I have a lot of friends who always stand by me.
o How much money do you have? I have a lot of money.

RECOUNT TEXT

DEFINITION

Recount text merupakan salah satu jenis teks yang memiliki

fungsi untuk menceritakan kembali kejadian atau pengalaman yang

terjadi di masa lalu.

Personal recount

Factual recount

Imaginative

PERSONAL RECOUNT

Personal recount adalah recount text yang berfungsi

menceritakan tentang pengalaman pribadi penulis.

FACTUAL RECOUNT

Factual recount adalah recount text yang berfungsi untuk

menyajikan laporan peristiwa yang benar-benar terjadi, seperti

laporan percobaan ilmu pengetahuan ataupun laporan kepolisian.

IMAGINATIVE

Imaginative adalah jenis recount text yang berfungsi menyajikan
sebuah cerita imaginatif. Lalu menuliskan peristiwa atau kejadian

yang telah terjadi.

CIRI-CIRI

• Menggunakan kalimat past tense

Contoh : I spent my summer in Yogyakarta and
I was very happy.

• Menggunakan action verbs

Contoh : spent, went, brought, took, dll

• Menggunakan adverb dan adverbial phrase

untuk mengungkapkan waktu, tempat dan
cara.

Contoh : last month, in Malang, lately, dll

• Menggunakan

conjunction

dan

time

connectives

untuk

mengurutkan

peristiwa atau kejadian.

Contoh: and, or, after that, dll

TUJUAN

untuk menghibur (to entertain) dan menginformasikan (to

inform) pembaca

STRUKTUR RECOUNT TEXT

• Menceritakan mengenai latar belakang informasi tentang

siapa, di mana, kapan kejadian atau peristiwa terjadi.
Orientation

• Menceritakan serangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi sesuai

urutan kronologis.
Events

• Merupakan penutup atau kesimpulan cerita. Untuk menutup

suatu cerita, kita bisa memberikan opini kita mengenai
cerita tersebut.
Reorientation

VACATION TO THE BEACH

Last week, I and my friends went to the beach after school. We used public
transportation. We reached the beach at 4 p.m. The beach was beautiful and
clean.
At the beach, it was fun. We played football in the coast line. After that, we
built a castle from sand. In the night, we made bonfire together. We roasted
fishes and squites then we ate them. In the midnight, it was time to share our
scary stories. One by one, we told our story.
At the morning, we went home. It was a moment i never forgot.