REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTING QUESTIONS PREGUNTAS DEL TIPO YES / NO

1. La pregunta se convierte en una frase y por tanto ya no hay inversión de sujeto y verbo. -

“Did you speak to John last night?” she asked. -

She asked if / whether I had spoken to John the night before.

PREGUNTAS CON PARTÍCULA INTERROGATIVA (WH-QUESTIONS)

Al poner en estilo indirecto este tipo de preguntas mantenemos la partícula interrogativa: what, who, where, when, how, why, etc, en lugar de poner if o whether. -

“Who did you speak to last night?”

He asked who I had spoken to the night before. -

“Where are you working these days?”

He asked where she was working those days.

Si la particular interrogativa es el sujeto de la pregunta, el orden de las palabras de la oración se mantiene igual. -

“Who told you this story?”

He asked who had told us that story.

REPORTING COMMANDS, REQUESTS, WARNINGS, INVITATIONS, ETC

Las órdenes se suelen expresar en imperativo pero al ponerlas en estilo indirecto:

1. El imperativo pasa a infinitivo manteniendo la forma afirmativa o negativa. -

He said, “Go away, Mary!”

He ordered Mary to go away. -

She said, “don’t open the door.”

She told me not to open the door.

2. El verbo que introduce el estilo indirecto debe indicar “mandar”, “pedir”, “rogar”, “invitar”, “advertir”, etc, por eso nunca se usa say (decir), sino tell, ask, order, beg, invite, warn, que deben llevar un complemento de persona, a quien se da la orden, se le pide, se le invita, etc. -

He said, “Be quiet.”

He told us to be quiet. -

She said, “Please don’t shout.”

She asked me not to shout.

Nota: Al traducir las órdenes en estilo indirecto usamos el subjuntivo - He told me to be quiet. (Me dijo que me callara.)